Playing monopoly Essay

Pretend to embrace a technology and become the major source for that technology like buy out the competitors. Declare it obsolete because your original way is better. Wait long enough for a technique or idea to be forgotten by the majority of people or just long enough that the majority of your followers are naive newbies. Bring out the old idea and present it as a new invention. For example, many things in Visual Studio . Net are presented as new ideas even though they have existed in RAD tools like Delphi for over a decade. Why this works? because the majority of new software geeks have no idea what Delphi is and didn’t know that you could do everything exactly the way Microsoft claims you can in their â€Å"new† invention. It is very much clear about incidences that Microsoft has been unethical in its approaches. Rather that applying their own thoughts, most of the products they have released by copying ideas unethically from other competitor’s products. Rather than having the fair competition in the market Gates always tried to monopolize the market. Though all the monopoly has brought him profit but ethically Microsoft didn’t 2. Some of the characteristics of the market that created monopoly market that Microsoft’s operating system enjoyed are as follows: Incorporation of various Microsoft applications like Windows Digital Media Player and Internet Explorer in 1995 with its operating system gave an advantage to the company as this monopoly worked out for them. Users using Windows didn’t want themselves to get into trouble of purchasing a different browser and different Media Payer. Users were also not ready to pay extra money for buying other companies’ applications, as all those applications were readily available with Microsoft’s operating system. Every company was releasing their applications and operating systems in the market and every time Microsoft was able to know their programs. Using those programs Microsoft created monopoly in the market by releasing advanced version of competitors’ products. As when Navigator came in 1994, Microsoft launched Internet Explorer which was borrowed from Spyglass Inc. and made it similar to Navigator. It incorporated Internet Explorer with Windows. Media player was also incorporated in Windows. Sun Microsystems’s Java was also licensed to Microsoft first and then Microsoft built its own Microsoft java permitting Windows Users to be compatible with it. In the software industry users did not want to shift to new products or applications until proper training and workshops are organized. Microsoft’s used good PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez – 1449556 – 9zi strategies for training users. With the Installation disk, a proper tour of Windows is provided to facilitate user. Attorney General Janet Reno filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft in the court of Judge Thomas Jackson. Microsoft made the computer companies using Windows as their operating system not to license, distribute or promote competitive software products of other companies. It embedded Internet Explorer with Windows and thus demolished consumer freedom to go for any other Browser plus it also degraded windows performance. In the agreements with computer companies those using Windows, Microsoft wanted them to leave Internet Explorer as the default Web–Browser and didn’t allow installation of any other browser. The judge was having complete authority to take hard actions against Microsoft’s unethical business strategies. As per the case study it is evident that Microsoft has used various unethical business strategies to make their business profitable. Microsoft copied the copyright of Apple’s OS/2 and developed its own operating system on the same line. Moreover they forced users to use its Internet Explorer and digital media player. They suppressed the platform independent functionality of Sun’s Java by releasing Microsoft’s Java and making it cross platform language. In my view, government should not have sued Microsoft. Consumers were well satisfied by Windows which was evident from the market share of its use. So signing of agreement involves approval of computer companies and Microsoft and if computer companies have signed that agreement that means they weren’t having any problems and neither consumers upon implementing the agreement. So Microsoft just used a marketing strategy over here. Judge Jackson’s order was fair for the competitors as well as for the software industry because Microsoft has really invoked the monopoly situation in the market. It was essential to have fair competition in the market. As an operating system and applications are totally two different aspects and Microsoft should not club these two aspects. This order would have helped competitors and users to choose their favorite applications. From Microsoft’s point of view it was not the fair decision, as they never wish to separate their business into two domains. It was a marketing strategy adopted by Microsoft so that it can withstand with the PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez – 1449556 – 9zi competition. According to them it also facilitated consumers for not spending their money in buying other corresponding software and also playing a risk of installing and uninstalling. According to the settlement between Microsoft and DOJ, Microsoft was asked to share its application programming interface with other software rivals and to allow users to hide Internet Explorer icon from the screen. It was asked not to prevent other competitors programs to install on its operating system and not to retaliate against computer makers in releasing their products. This settlement was officially approved by Judge Kollar-Kotelly on November 1, 2003. The decision was really fair for the competitors as well as users. The decision has created free competitive market in the software industry. It allows users to use other available applications and allow them to hide icons which they do not want to use. From competitors point of view market became much more open to release more products with advanced technologies. This move also helped people to think out of Microsoft’s box and helped to showcase their technical skills. As a result various new operating systems with better performance than Windows like Linux, Suse, Monopoly of Microsoft’s operating system has harmed everyone from users to computer producers. Due to unavailability of fair market the users were bound to use Microsoft’s operating system and applications. They were unable to hide icons of the Microsoft’s applications from their operating system. From producer’s point of view, they were not free to launch Windows compatible applications due to unavailability of Windows application programming interface in the market. The competition became minimal in the market due to monopoly enjoyed by Microsoft. Due to monopoly in the market one single company Microsoft was holding maximum market share. It hampered the technical advancement and innovation in the market as well. Some of the following public policies could be used to deal with monopoly †¢Government should issue some standards for a given technology/system/product which should be followed by everyone in the industry. †¢Anti-monopoly law can be created to prevent monopoly to occur in the market. †¢Some policies can be incorporated in the system to motivate and encourage newly launched companies to increase the innovation in the market. PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez – 1449556 – 9zi †¢Some policies should be made to share information among the companies whose applications are inter dependant.

Great economic Depression And Of Mice And Men Essay

In 1929, the US entered a period of Great economic Depression from it only emerged with the onset of the Second War in 1939. During this period, there was long-term unemployment, so workers needed to go to California where there was still some short-term, poorly paid contract ranch works available. They were not educated therefore they had got no right and could be sacked at any time. They travelled from ranch to ranch to get jobs. This lifestyle forced ranch workers to keep moving and got no chance of making friend and keeping contact with their families. There was also a lot of competition, which put workers under pressure about whether they were good enough. They live isolated lives and are alienated from each other because are rivals. They are struggling to survive in a hostile world. All of these factors make all the characters lonely in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Between them, there are some characters who are very lonely because they are disadvantaged, Crooks, he’s black; Candy, because he is old; Curley, because he has more security than others; and his wife, as she is the only woman on the ranch. They are the victims of the strange society. In this essay I will be investigating the reasons why these characters are lonely in more depth by looking at each character more carefully. Crooks is probably the loneliest character in the book because he is very different from other ranch workers. He is old, disabled and the only black man in the book who lives in a racism society. As a result of this, he is isolated in his own room in the barn and is not allowed to go into or stay in the bunkhouse with the other ranch workers. Therefore he has no one to talk to. Though other workers knew that he reads a lot and has more knowledge and thinks deeper, they don’t listen to his opinions. ‘ If I say something, why it’s just a nigger saying it.’ P102 Instead they take advantage of his disability this is shown when they beat him up at Christmas. The racism society gives Crooks no chance of making friend. Crooks tries to get his own back for the way the white men treat him by keeping a distance between him and the other men. But obviously he recent the fact that he isn’t want in the bunkhouse. This makes it even harder to make friends. This is revealed by his words when Lennie comes to his room. ‘I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room.’ But gradually he is defeated by Lennie’s innocent smile and lets his guard down. This is because in his heart he knows that coping with loneliness is no good by reading books, he needed a friend to be near him and talk to him. ‘Suppose you didn’t have nobody †¦ A guy needs somebody -to be near him†¦ a guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody †¦ I tell you a guy gets too lonely and he gets sick.’ ‘A guy sets alone out here at night, maybe readin’ books or thinking or stuffs like that†¦If some guy was with me, he could tell me I was sleep. An’ then it would be all right. But I just don’t know.’ This quote from the same page of the book also shows you Crooks’ feelings of loneliness. When Lennie and Candy started to talk about the dream Crooks pointed out that this dream was shared by thousand of ranch workers but none of them ever succeed in reality but just for a moment he suspends his disbelief long enough to wish to share the dream, though he was immediately reminded his position by Curley’s wife words and shut by George’s anger as he doesn’t think that any white people would treat him decently. From the facts above, we could see the reasons of why Crooks are lonely. Candy is an old and disabled character in the book. He is quite similar to Crooks and is very lonely because he is different too. He lost his hand in an accident and was only kept on by the boss out of guilt. He has no relatives, no friends and his only comfort is his old dog, which keeps him company and reminds him of the days when he was young and whole. Candy is not interested in the things the other guys talk about. For instance: ‘I ain’t interest in nothing you was saying. A guy on a ranch don’t never listen nor he don’t ast no questions.’ But when his only comfort has gone– was shot by Carlson, he is totally alone and eagerly clutches at the idea of buying a farm with George and Lennie. This is shown below when George started to talk about the dream: ‘Old candy turned slowly over. His eyes were wide open. He watched George carefully.’ The reason for this change is, Candy himself is very similar to his dog, they both old and disabled, from the shooting of his old dog, Candy knows that when he can’t work any more he will be turned away from the ranch. He will have ‘I got hurt four years ago. They’ll can me purty soon, jus’ as soon as I can’t swamp out no bunk-houses they’ll put me on the county†¦ When they can me here I wish’t somebody’d shoot me. But they won’t do nothing like that.’ At this situation, Candy needs something to look forward to, so when he heard about the dream between George and Lennie he found that this is the thing he needed. But of course this all comes to nothing. As the inevitability of the fall of the dream, Candy would certainly be disappointed. The dream ends in a miserable way. ‘You and me can get that little place, can’t we, George? You an’ me can get that little place, can’t we, George†¦ Can’t we? Before George answered, candy dropped his head and looked down at the hay, he know. Then- it’s all off? †¦ And I’ll have fifty buck more.’ Candy’s words show that he realises that the end of Lennie means the end of the dream, without Lennie George hasn’t got the heart to go on. There are so many ‘ can’t we ‘ in his speech telling us he wants George to tell him he is wrong. But the reaction of George confirms this completely. The sadness is expressed in the bitter words he uttered to the body of Curley’s wife, whom he blames for spoiling the dream or more accurately, his hope of a future. ‘ You god damn tramp†¦ You done it, didn’t you? I s’pose you’re glad†¦ you lousy tart.’ Curley is the character who is described as a ‘wretch’ by John Steinbeck. It may be argued that he must be not lonely because he is the boss’s son and had been married for two weeks, has a family and a lot of thing that other ranch workers wanted to have. But actually he is very lonely. As he has more security (he was never worried about being fired), other ranch workers don’t mix with him so he has no one to talk to. The ‘macho’ male society makes him fell that if a guy doesn’t appear to be tough and strong, others will put something on him and laugh at him. It is even worse for him that he chooses the wrong way to earn respect-by fighting and be aggressive. But other workers know that he is a coward and despise him for the tension atmosphere he creates. ‘What does he got on his shoulder?’ George ‘You god damn punk, †¦ you tries to throw a scare into Slim, an’ you couldn’t make it stick. Slim threw a scare into you. You’re yella as a frog belly. I don’t care if you’re the best welter in the country. You come for me, an’ I’ll kick your God damn head off.’ He has no friends, to overcome his loneliness, he married a pretty young woman but has blindly chosen the wrong person whom totally inappropriate for the kind of life he leads. He forbids his wife to talk to other ranch workers, as he is scared that she may have an affair with one of the other men which makes her hate him and others more despise to him. Consequently, his feelings are all channelled into aggressive behaviour in order to deal with his loneliness but this leads to his feeling lonelier because the others don’t want to be with him. Curley’s wife is another character who is lonely. She is newly married, lives in a strange place, and does not seem to fit in on the ranch as being the only woman. She and Curley do not love each other; both of them try to overcome their own loneliness by the marriage. But unfortunately, both have chose the wrong person. She hates Curley because of his aggressive: ‘I don’t like Curley, he ain’t a nice fella.’ One point that needs to be mentioned here is that she is the only character who is never given a name in the book and is only referred to as ‘ Curley’s wife’. It appears that John Steinbeck passes a message from this that she is not seen as a person at all by other characters, but an object which Curley thinks he owns. ‘You gotta husban’. You got no call foolin’ around with other guys, causing trouble.’ ‘Why’n’t you tell her to stay the hell home where she belongs?’ Her situation is just like Crooks’; no one is sensitive about her feelings. This makes her feel angry with the men especially at Curley. ‘Whatta they think I am, anyways.’ ‘Seems like they ain’t none of them care how I gotta live.’ Further more, she has been forbidden by Curley to talk to anyone but him, as he doesn’t trust her. ‘I get lonely, you can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. How’d you like not to talk to anybody?’ To counter this, she keeps approaching the ranch hands with the excuse that she is looking for Curley or something she lost. ‘Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to sit in that house alla time?’ The only result is, the men regard her as a slut. But in her eyes, that is the way she is supposed to be. ‘Candy:’†¦ I think Curley’s married†¦ a tart.’ ‘Whit:’ Well, ain’t she a looloo?’ Curley’s aggressive behaviour leads others to avoid her and this further isolated her and she approaches the ranch hands more frequently therefore Curley becomes even more jealous and aggressive. This leads to her feeling lonelier. Finally her loneliness leads to her death as she makes a serious error of trying to overcome it by playing the tease with Lennie as she is pleased that Lennie beat Curley and impressed by his size and strength, but she didn’t realise the extent and danger of Lennie’s mental disability. George and Lennie are also caught in the trap of loneliness; this is because they are different as they have a strong friendship. They travelled together and trust each other and share a dream of owning a farm whereas other ranch workers travelled alone and had no strong relationships with others and have nothing to look forward to. George’s loneliness could be reflected by the words that he uses a lot of swearing and the fact that he needs the dream to keep him going. Just as candy has his dog for company, George has Lennie (who is often described in animal-like terms). Both companions died and George and candy are left completely alone. Lennie totally relies on George and couldn’t survive without George, but on the other hand, George somehow needs Lennie to overcome his own loneliness. It is revealed by Crooks’ words with great understanding he tells us of the importance of Lennie. ‘I don’t blame the guy you travel with for keeping you outa sight.’ ‘It’s just the talking. It just being with another guy. That’s all.’ Maybe it is just talking but this is an enough reason of keeping Lennie as company for George. In conclusion it is clear that all of the characters in ‘ Of Mice and Men’ are lonely. Their loneliness is the evitable result of the society, which is made by the Great Depression. Crooks, for instance is suffered deeply from the racism society. No one is trying to make friends with him before the visit of Lennie except Slim. Candy, Curley and his wife are the victims of the macho male society. They all have dreams but none of them realise them and get nothing at the end.

Alexander Strozier

Alexander StrozierProfessor Robert FleischmannHUM2230March 25, 2018Future, Drake, and Rick ross are all amazing artist in the hip hop music industry that shows verisimilitude in their music videos as artist did in the Baroque era. Although not everyone in the music industry has the knowledge of verisimilitude it should be a demand as a producer to enhance their artist to be more realistic and get rid of the false advertisements. People of their nature are fans with high expectations of their style of work. Rap music exposes a lot to the public like violence, success, braveness, motivation, and reality but it sometimes gets personal. For example, Rick Ross had problems with another rapper about money situations and their argument took the violent route. So as a hip hop artist Rick Ross had lots of guns in is video with someone tied up to a chair getting tortured and robbed in a scene with the person matching the description of his opponent, yes, it is reality but hip hop gets person which makes it real. Rappers in music videos wear big flashy chains and show money to signify their wealth which is verisimilitude. While in the same scene people are holding rifles and hand guns pointing them at the screen sharing their views of violence and braveness which is also Verisimilitude, even the person who is watching is influenced by these action as well as enlightened. Those videos express a lot and has meaning behind the scenes that are being shown. Truthfully from my point of view Caravaggio and Bernini did master their work as artist, but when it comes to specific things like verisimilitude these new artists like the ones mentioned before are giving them a run for their money. Although not everyone in the music industry has the knowledge of verisimilitude it should be a demand as a producer to enhance their artist to be more realistic and get rid of the false advertisements. In todays world art has yet to forget the true meaning of Verisimilitude, or in other words reality, emotion, or t he since of true features in art that stands out and grabs your attention. Imagine something beautiful like a sunny day with high tempered beams grazing across your head making you sweat while in a garden planting new crops as the old ones are sprouting, and the heat gives your conscience the signal to wipe your face that in a picture would be verisimilitude. It shows feeling, emotion and life. Ones greatly before our time has accomplished this type of art but it was back in the baroque era. There were several artists who performed this type of art during this era but from my point of view only two artists in those days mastered this type of art and their names where Caravaggio and Bernini. Verisimilitude is uneasily done but surely capable of doing as Caravaggio and Bernini mastered it with painting that are popular to this day. Some of their work are hanging in museums now today proving their perfection in Verisimilitude. From one artist one painting would be described as a knowledge to the readers on how verisimilitude was really performed, as in detail the painting are broken down by what proves their art shows verisimilitude. In the early 1600s time Caravaggio painted the Supper at Emmaus. This new birth to the seventeenth century stained a unique transformation in art. Before this dramatic change mannerism existed as the predominant style, great artistic people one being Caravaggio was adapting to natural real figures. Instead of excessively high convoluted poses of well mature muscular males and females, Caravaggio made known figures that arent stiff or dead but have life, dirty clothing, vast rankled skin, and even filthy finger nails. Caravaggios Supper at Emmaus was a duplicate image showing the gospel of Luke 24 where the Resurrected Christ appears to two disciples. Although Jesus had no beard he was recognized by the movement of his raised arm blessing the bread which he is located at the center of the painting in his Resurrection. The disciple is located to the left of him as his arms stretched out in disbelief. positioned next to Christ is the innkeeper, having no idea by the action of his gesture. Sitting directly on the opposite end of the table, positioned the closest to audience is another disciple forcing backwards in his seat. Its Caravaggios conspicuous or prominent way in his art work that truly signifies his talent as a artist in history. Art previous of his existence acted as combined parts or elements to create a whole. Gave creation to the figures posed, stiff, and solid. Supper at Emmaus by Caravaggio is defiantly an example of verisimilitude at that era showed a new style figures in a moment of time. Think for a second how did the two men know who the strange traveler was? How did they know it was Christ, it was by his gesture he raised his arms to bless the bread? In that motion, both disciples are quickly aware of whom he is. The two disciples reacted instantly with disbelief raising up and forcing the selves away from their chairs outstretching their arms. The innkeeper keeps his focus as he is not fazed by the motion as he is confused by it. Though they are all judged by their different gestures it shows real emotions. Caravaggios talent in showing off verisimilitude is more like looking a video with the motion other than stating a dry picture. Caravaggio get in-depth with the figures in his art work, for instance he made the disciples have rugged hands presenting hard work and are in life. The faces of all the men have wrinkles and some have facial hair showing age, and even the man whos standing has ripped clothing. His feature so men with real lives representing different sign and gestures with ware of hard work. Lying on the table is the supper. With bread, fowl, and a basket of fruit. Stiff items which provide life. Symbol of the Supper at Emmaus. The food represents assets of Christ like the bread that he blessed symbolized as his flesh, there is also a fowl on the plate which is mirroring death. placed on the edge of the table barely balanced with gravity is the fruit of the supper which shows breath, resurrection, and lastly rebirth. Next to the bread in the bowl is the grapes which makes wine also a symbol of Christ. The image and position of the bowl gives a viewer the illusion that you can reach out and grab it or push it back on the table, showing such emotion is verisimilitude. Caravaggio worked hard for his perfection as he was named the most famous painter in Rome. Verisimilitude should be symbolized with a high status in todays world of art. And not just one style of art any art. More reality, more emotion and effectiveness gives someone a more angled view of what reality and truthfulness really is. If you were to ask me I fear the future without verisimilitude, it would bring destruction. We as people deserve the truth. So, to all the fakers out there who just entertain and make things believable should be a shame. Its only the truth that will set you free not lies. Verisimilitude is a statement in ones art. As said before plenty may attempt and yes, it is hard to perfect but it is not impossible to be perfected. Bernini was also a well talented and one of the best of all times artist who used verisimilitude, but in my knowledge and mind set, Caravaggio worked hard for his perfection as he was named the most famous painter in Rome. Truthfully from my point of view Caravaggio and Bernini did master their work as artist, but when it comes to specific things like verisimilitude these new artists like the ones mentioned before are giving them a run for their money. Although not everyone in the music industry has the knowledge of verisimilitude it should be a demand as a producer to enhance their artist to be more realistic and get rid of the false advertisements. So twentieth century may we as a group of different cultures, different beliefs, age and gender can we all show and share the knowledge we have from our ancient artist and ancestors the way real and reality should be shown in todays art. The Baroque era was a time of great existence and unique change in art. Let the young and the old as a future continue to take time to perfect this motion of time art. Future, Drake, and Rick ross are all amazing artist in the hip hop music industry now let there be several more as we further our journeys in life. To all we are whole lets create reality and focus our art on verisimilitude as the ancient artist like Caravaggio and Bernini mastered it.

Critical Thinking 2 Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Technical summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Motivational interviewing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Brian Norris - Essay Example If an organization has to achieve its business objectives, its marketing manager has to look into the market demand, to determine the feasibility of marketing strategies. The marketing manager is responsible for attuning the level, timing and composition of customer demands to achieve business objectives. On the whole, marketing management all about determining and implementing effective marketing strategies. Marketing strategies are tactics by which an organization gains a competitive edge in the marketplace. Through these strategies an organization determines how to concentrate its resources to achieve, target business objectives. If a marketing strategy has to be effective, it must do research to find out if an organizational opportunity exists in the market in which they want to do business. The factors influencing organizational opportunity are environmental opportunity, distinctive competency and success requirements. Each of these factors is to be looked into during the process of market analysis. Marking analysis is a process which includes the process of ccustomer analysis, company analysis, collaborator analysis, competitor analysis, and analysis of the industry context. These five types of analysis constitute the four C's of marketing analysis and help to answer the following questions: In order to carry ou... What are the steps to be taken to gain a competitive edge in the market 2.1 Marketing Research In order to carry out marketing analysis, marketing research must be performed to collect the data required for analysis. Marketing research involved the employment of a variety of techniques. Some techniques of market research are: Qualitative marketing research, such as focus groups - Through Qualitative research, data can be collected from a relatively small group of respondents. This data will not be analyzed using statistical techniques, but its purpose is to help to determine the elements which drive the market on a product, generate a hypothesis on such elements and enable an organization to develop quantitative research designs for determine the feasibility of entry into a particular market. The methods used in this research include in-Depth Interviews, Focus Groups and Projective Techniques. Quantitative marketing research, such as statistical surveys - Quantitative marketing research applies quantitative research techniques, to understand the trends in the current market. The major steps involved in the research process include, definition of the problem of market to be studied, designing the search criteria, collecting data, analyzing the data collected and finally writing a report on what is understood from data gathered. The number of respondents from whom data is collected can range between something like a mere 10 in number to something like 10 million. This kind of marketing research may include a hypothesis on the trends found in the market. Random sampling methods can be used to draw inferences from people, who have provided information. Experimental techniques such as test markets - Experimental research

Rewrite paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rewrite paper - Essay Example The potential impacts of the project are highly economic in nature, standing to benefit Richland County, the region, and the state at large. The Richland County, the region, and the state at large will realize increased employment opportunities due to job creation that will be triggered by the Hillside Energy project. The project is expected to last for 42 months, a period within which construction and operation jobs will pique. The prospects reported above are primarily based on the Hillside One project. As earlier mentioned, Ziegler Energy, Inc. plans to construct and operate three Hillside Energy Projects. The impacts outlined in this report relate to Hillside One only. The two other energy projects target two other different cities in the Richland County. Successful development of Hillside Two and Three will result in greater potential impacts in the County and in the state. This family-friendly lodging facility acknowledges the importance of pets to their owners, especially guests in the facility. It also acknowledges that not every guest owns a pet. In this respect, it allows its guests to have pets within the premises, but under certain terms and conditions. This follows the concern that there are guests who prefer to have their vacations accompanied by their pets or in an environment where other guests have pets. On the other hand, the lodging facility does not dispute the opposite. There are guests who do not own pets, and neither do they want to spend their vacation accompanied by pets or in an environment where other guests have pets. The facility allows pets into the premises, but takes the concerns of both sides into

Managerail Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managerail Economics - Research Paper Example Obviously C&D and E&F are smaller than A&B. 2. The cross price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the demand for one good to a change in the price of another good (Mankiw). In the assignment, products A and B are substitutes since the cross-price elasticity is postive, at +3.6. Products C and D with cross price elasticity of 5.4 are also substitutes. When the cross price elasticity is positive,it means that the demand for product 1 increases as the price of the other good increases,threfore they are substitues. MU of prod A/price of prod A = MU of prod B/price of prod B = MU of prod C/price of prod C = MU of prod D/price of prod D = MU savings/price savings, which is equal to 36/$18 = 12/$6 = 8/$4 = 2/$1. The marginal utility divided by the price is equals to 2. 4. What are given: Income from pottery sales = $ 72,000 Costs: Helper = 12,000/ year yield on the $40,000 if invested = $4000/year Rent = 5000/year salary as a potter = $15,000/year Materials = $ 20,000/year Equipment = $40,000 Entrepreneurial Talent = $3000 Acccounting profit (1st year)= $72,000 - 12,000 - 5000 - 20,000 -40,000 = -5000 On the 2nd year if there is no purchase of equipment = $72,000 - 12,000 - 5000 - 20,000 = $35000 Economic profit = $72,000 - 12,000 - 5000 - 20,000 -40,000-3000-4000-15,000 = -$27,000 On the 2nd year if there is no purchase of equipment = $72,000 - 12,000 - 5000 - 20,000 -3000-4000-15,000 = $13000 References http://www.crawfordsworld.com. 23 April 2010 . Mankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Macroeconomics. 3rd. South-Western College Publishing,

How improvements in technology have assisted Mormon missionary work in Essay

How improvements in technology have assisted Mormon missionary work in Africa - Essay Example One of these particular missionary work is concentrated in Africa where missions in the past slowly progressed but is now gaining fruit due to the painstaking efforts and even martyrdom of some of its members. Missions were sent to the different parts of the world, to the so-called Third World, and Africa. President Brigham Young, Joseph Smith’s successor right after the prophet’s death, sent missions to Africa, and the first of these missionaries were Jesse Haven, William H. Walker and Leonard I. Smith, who arrived in Africa in 1853. They immediately started their missionary labor, set up branches and congregations and converted those who wanted to hear the Word of God and the doctrines of the church. At present, there are numerous temples, offices, training centers, and thousands of LDS members in Africa, and the number is still growing because of the fact that each member has to perform mission in the course of membership. All over the world, this church is growing, in size and faith, and overcoming the test of time including persecution. Like any other organization, the LDS church uses the latest technology in the propagation of the faith. They use computers with corresponding Information Technology and software in communicating to their members, databases for use by the different branches worldwide, and the Worldwide Web accessible to the members anywhere in the globe. There are various websites that provide news and information on the LDS church, some of them are listed in the â€Å"Works Cited Page†, which have provided us help in the formulation of this paper. Peoples of different faiths go on missions to preach and propagate their faith. They are no ordinary people because they risk their lives for the sake of their faith. And they have the least idea of what would happen to them in their destination. When the Taliban ruled in Afghanistan, converting to Christianity, preaching the gospel and proselytizing

Cell Phone in Life Essay Example for Free

Cell Phone in Life Essay In modern life, cell phone is an indispensable tool to all people. To everyone, a cell phone is a magic tool, which is a mean of telecommunication, an entertainment device and a great work supporter. To me, I cannot imagine how I can live without my phone. The basic function of a cell phone is to connect people. We use our cell phones to communicate with the other ones. For example, we can talk to parents and send our love to them in a thousand mile away in a second. We can help people who are in an emergency with a finger. Or simply, we can gather our friends to hang out have fun with easy calls or texts. A cell phone is a magic tool, which can help us contact people only with a hand. Moreover, a cell phone is an excellent tool we need for our studying and business. At school, some applications of cell phone help us solving the problems in class. For example, we can record the lectures of professors in class and watch his lecture again at home in order to better understand the knowledge, or when applying knowledge, we can take some pictures in the lab class to observe our lab results better. At work, our cell phones can be a USB to store data, or a mini computer to send our report, and even a small portable computer to surf the Internet, which is essentially important to every businessman. A cell phone is vital to an entrepreneur or a student‘s career. Finally, another advantage of cell phones is to entertain. In our cell phones, we can store our favorite songs to listen to when feeling sad, videos and pictures of our beloved ones to view when we miss them, which makes us happier. We can also play games in our cell phones, helping us burning off stress and starting to feel happy again. Without cell phones, our life would be much less enjoyable. For instance, your best friend is upset about problems of her or his family. You can comfort her or him by your favorite songs, and then look for something fun, like game or funny video to relax. With a cell phone, we will never have to be sad for a long time. Today, everybody prepares himself or herself with a cell phone, like a vital thing in his or her modern life. As the cell phones are improved with advance functions, they will make our lives more convenient and comfortable. People are advised to equipped themselves with a cell phone to improve their lives.

Comparing the ways Edgar Allen Poe and Bram Stoker convey horror through writing Essay Example for Free

Comparing the ways Edgar Allen Poe and Bram Stoker convey horror through writing Essay Through this essay you will see how although the writing style of Edgar Allen Poe in The Black Cat and the style of Bram stoker in The Judges House is completely different, they both manage to achieve the same effect leaving the reader anxious, excited, mystified and scared. Both these authors stories were written before the nineteen hundreds, a time when people were just understanding the ways the world works. In this time horror stories were very popular. The perspective of both Poems is different. In The black cat Poe writes in a first person perspective: Today I die and tomorrow I would unburden my soul. Where as Stoker writes in a third person perspective: Malcolm Malcolmson made up his mind. The use of third person in this story displays the feelings of more than one character and you can build up more fear than first person by using devices such as rhetorical questions by other characters for example when Mrs Cranford cries not the Judges house! it creates the feeling of horror and helplessness. First person perspective makes you feel sorrow for the character. If Edgar Allen Poe had written the black cat in Third person perspective You wouldnt get the emphasis of his emotions, how he feels regret of what he has done, fear of this new animal and superstitious about the strange imprint on the wall. For example, when he writes gradually, very gradually I came to look up on it with unutterable loathing. This really emphasises the hated of the animal, an emotion that would not have been able to have been shown to that extent in third person. It is also more believable as it is through the eyes of the beholder. At the start of the black cat Poe starts off very secretively, he writes of something horrible that has happened to him, but he will not expand on what this occurrence is: These events have terrified, tortured and destroyed me. This suspense adds to the mystery of the first scene. Poe writes, tomorrow I die showing something horrible has happened to him. The fact that this is not in chronological order keep you wondering throughout the story what is going to happen and keeps you in suspense. It also keeps you trying to link the current storyline to death, for example, when it says about the new cat: It was a black cat a very large cat-fully as large as Pluto and closely resembling him you are thinking how this new cat could be linked to his death. Stoker, however has a very different approach to build up mystery. He uses setting whereas Poe does not. When he describes the lodgings he describes it as a gothic residence: with heavy gables and small windows set higher than was customary in such houses. Gothic residences have always been associated with death and fear in horror movies. He describes the village as empty: desolation was the only term for conveying a suitable idea of its isolation the idea of a desolate empty place is the perfect setting for a horror story. The fact that the house has been empty for so long indicates something dreadful has happened there. The locals all seem to know something dreadful about the house. It seems that Malcolm is the only person who doesnt know whats going on there. When Mrs Cranford cries at him not the judges house! it creates a feeling of dread for what is going to happen to Mr Malcolmson. Poe uses superstition to add to the mystery. The first little bit of superstition is when he reveals that his wife believes that all black cats are witches in disguise. This brief, initial introduction of superstition creates mystery in your head, and it makes you think, what if black cats are really witches in disguise. When the cat imprint appears on the wall, the character tries to dismiss the supernatural happening with a far fetched logical explanation. He tries to say that someone tossed the hanging corpse of the cat in through the window to try and wake him up. He then tried to say that because the wall was freshly spread plaster, it did not fall down. He said that the ammonia from the carcass had made the impression on the wall. Edgar Allen Poe had purposely made this string of events unbelievable so that the reader would know that there was something strange going on. I think that the imprint was a symbol that the cat was not dead and that it was an omen that it was going to come back to haunt him. The new cat was very suspicious, the fact that it looked a lot like Pluto made you think that it was a demonic symbol of Pluto. The cat gets more and more attached to him but he is reluctant to interact with it because he feels the supernatural element of this situation. He begins to hate the cat and the fact that it is always around him: Its evident fondness for myself rather disgusted and annoyed me but he wont harm the cat for fear of what will happen and regret of his previous crime: at times although I longed to destroy it with a blow I was withheld from doing so partly by memory of my former crime but chiefly let me confess it at once by absolute dread of the beast. The fact that it wont leave him alone, and that drives him madder and more angry makes it seem like the new cat is testing his willpower to leave it alone. His fear grows as the cat follows his every step. The only difference between Pluto and the new cat was a white splodge on its belly. It turns out later that this splodge is actually a image of gallows. The image grows in size until the character can clearly make out the image. his realisation of what this means is clearly shown in this quote Gallows! oh mournful and terrible engine of horror and crime of agony and of death. He has realised his fate death. He feels remorse for what he had done to Pluto. He knows that this beast is an image of Pluto. A symbol of god: a brute beast to work out for me-for me, a man fashioned in the image of the high god oh insufferable woe! He believes its is god in disguise of a cat Stoker also uses supernatural elements. Every night the rats come out and make a lot of noise. They run up and down the alarm bell. They all stop suddenly a run away as a giant rat comes down the alarm bell. The rats are scared of this larger rat indicating that this rat is evil. Stokers description of the rat makes it sound evil: It showed its great white teeth and its cruel eyes shone in the lamplight. When Malcolmson throws a book at the creature to try and scare it, but it does not flinch. But when he throws a bible at the rat it scampers away. This indication of good/evil shows that the rat is evil. It is well known that Satanic beings such as this rat fear holy objects such as a bible and a cross. When Malcolmson realises that the rats eyes are identical to the picture of the Judge the figure of the judge disappears. He then turns round and sees the judge. The judge smiled in a cruel way: With his baleful eyes glaring vindictively, and a smile of triumph on his face The judge does not say much in this last scene, I think this is important. Stoker did this so his character was not totally revealed. He remained a mysterious character. The descriptions of horror in The Black cat are very in depth: I grasped the poor beast by its throat and purposely cut out one of its eyes from its socket.. He doesnt linger on this for long. These shock tactics really build up the horror in this story by making you feel horrified and shocked. Another example of this is when he kills his wife: I withdrew my arm from her grasp, and buried the axe in her brain. This again shows the shock tactics used when describing the horror scenes. His violence gets gradually worse. All his violence is triggered by anger or drink: Through the instrumentality of the fiend intemperance had (I blush to confess it)experiences a radical alteration for the worst. I grew day by day more moody, more irritable regardless for the feeling of others. First he verbally abuses his wife, this turns to physical violence towards his wife and animals except Pluto: I suffered myself to use intemperate language towards my wife. At length I even offered her personal violence. My pets of course were made to feel the change in my disposition. I not only neglected, but ill-used them. Then he cut out Plutos eye when he scrammed him on the face. This again is due to him drinking. Poe writes one night, returning home much intoxicated. The guilt of doing this to Pluto and the sadness that it once had loved him got to him and he hung the cat in cold blood: I hung it with tears streaming from my eyes this shows his remorse when hanging him. The guilt of what he had done prevented him from hurting the new cat, until one day when the cat nearly tripped him up in the cellar he grabbed and axe, but his wife prevented him from killing by grabbing the axe. He then split her head open with the axe. The violence gradually gets worse and worse, building up the horror as it goes along. Stoker uses less graphic description, but instead uses reactions of characters to create the fear: not the judges house. This, I think is one of the main advantages of introducing characters into the plot. A disadvantage is that it can take the focus of the main character. They both use pattering to create fear in their stories. In the Judges house the same thing happens every night. He drinks too much tea, then out came the rats making all the noise and finally they all stopped when the large rat emerged. This also happens in the black cat. His violent acts are all triggered by alcohol. Pattering creates suspense, which in turn makes you wonder how does this link with what is happening in the story. The two writers both use logical explanations to try and explain why these things are happening. In the black cat, The character makes up a ludicrous explanation to explain why there was an imprint on the wall. He tries to say that someone must have thrown the cat through the window in an attempt to wake him up. He says that the wall didnt fall down because it had just been plastered and that the ammonia from the carcass has made the imprint on the wall. In The Judges house Malcolmsons explanation for all the events that are happening is that he was drinking too much tea and it was making him delusional. Both of these are deliberately far fetched so that the reader knows that something super natural is going on. Stoker uses a more descriptive style in his writing. He describes the scene, the weather and the people in far more depth than Poe: The carving of the oak on the panels of the wainscot was fine, and on and round the windows and doors it was beautiful and of rare merit. I prefer the descriptive writing of Stoker because it creates an image in your mind. Especially with the weather. Stoker uses the weather to great effect. When the thunder was lashing down toy could tell something bad was going to happen. This effect is used in a lot of horror stories. In my opinion, I prefer Stokers method of creating horror. I think the introduction of characters brings in a new element to the story. It creates an atmosphere of bewilderment and isolation. I say isolation because everyone seemed to know what was going on but Mr Malcolmson. However, as a whole I think I preferred The Black cat by Edgar Allen Poe. I think this is because I am used to modern stories, and this storyline is a bit more advanced and modernised than The Judges House. As I am used to modern horror stories I can relate to this story better. I think that the plot has some realism to it, more so that Stokers story. I dont think Stokers story was linked together very well and it all seemed a bit distant.

Cultural Differences in the Workplace: Australia and US

Cultural Differences in the Workplace: Australia and US Tim Johnson Anthropologist, James Downs, defined culture as â€Å"a mental map which guides us in our relations to our surroundings and to other people† (Linsell, 2011). This definition supports the idea that culture influences the way in which individuals behave. America and Australia are connected in many ways, and both countries’ success is blatantly predominant even at a quick glance. Both countries are far more superior to the majority of countries around the globe, and a reason for that is their culture sets higher standards in their attempts to continue towards greatness. Although there are many similarities between the Australian and U.S. workplace culture, there are characteristics that illustrate the distinctions between the two cultures. The United States and Australia have very similar upbringings, which is the result of their ties to the British colonies. The United States was formed as a result of immigrants fleeing from religious persecution, while Australia was settled by government workers and convicts. Both countries have similar cultures because the ancestors were predominantly Anglo- Saxon/ Caucasians, and both â€Å"cultures grew through liberal immigration policies† (Linsell, 2011). The reason both nations illustrate similarities in culture is because they share connection to British involvement. The Australian workplace culture differs from most, but Australia has found ways to promote excellence while still promoting happiness. Australia has a community-oriented heritage and is supporters of egalitarianism (Linsell, 2011). Egalitarianism can be defined as equality for all of man with respect to economics, politics, and society. The Australian workplace is also very multicultural, and one in every 4 workers is from another culture (â€Å"Spectrum MRC†, 2012). Australia also embraces different practices compared to the United States. These practices are reflected in their sometimes informal business meetings and interviews. The informality can be illustrated through their non-verbal communication such as proximity when interacting and body language (â€Å"Spectrum MRC†, 2012). To an outsider the Australian workplace culture may seem informal, but within many domestic organizations this is common practice. Australian organizations prefer autonomy and flexibility in the workplace (Linsell, 2011), because it promotes a positive atmosphere that results in higher productivity. The United States workplace culture is centered on command- control leadership and is hierarchy based, because equality is not deemed as important (Linsell, 2011). The hierarchy that the U.S. practices creates competition within the workplace to strive for success, while endorsing a selfish mentality among the employees. The United States takes a â€Å"business first approach†, and favors when employees separate their business and personal lives (â€Å"U.S. Business Culture†, 2011). This approach statistically encourages a more focused workplace, but at the cost of employees not finding enjoyment in their work and with their colleagues. To this day, America is still commonly referred to as â€Å"The Melting Pot† even though the individuals that use this term do not know the true origin. This term was coined in the beginning of the 20th Century to characterize how the immigrants were all mixing together and creating one blended culture. Most individuals improperly use the term to describe different cultures simply living among one another. Australia is wonderful because there are so many diverse cultures, but all of the cultures remain unique and avoid merging in to one. The lack of combining promotes individuality, which aids in the citizens and in turn the employees becoming better developed and appreciative of their positions. The American culture is about demonstrating assertion and never displaying weakness, because weakness is commonly associated with failure. Even though the United States exhibits superiority and their practices are effective, they sacrifice the personal connections that aid to create higher team morale. The workplace culture of Australia and the U.S. take different approaches to how they operate their organizations, but similarities overlap in both cultures. The similarity that is predominant in both countries is the controversy of gender inequality (Leahy, 2011). Currently women in the workforce aren’t â€Å"able to access and enjoy the same rewards, resources, and opportunities† (Workplace Gender Equality Agency, 2013) that men receive in the same workplace. Even in modern society discrimination still resonates and women are unfairly forced to deal with this injustice. The term most commonly used to describe the gender inequality present in the workplace is â€Å"the glass ceiling† (Cotter, Hermsen, Ovadia, Vanneman, 2001). The glass ceiling alludes to a woman’s ability to see to a further point than she can actually reach. Even if the average woman attempted to work towards a higher ranking position, she will typically come across difficulty when tryi ng to advance to that position. Women are still facing discrimination in employment (Doughney, 2007) and more men reach higher paid executive and specialized positions (Ross-Smith McGraw, 2010). Australia and the United States have similarities and differences, but even though they are both global leaders they still have room to expand and change from their current discriminatory practices. My experience in an Australian workplace has been eye opening and led me to a culture that has many positive differences from my own. An aspect of Australian culture that differs from my experiences in the United States is the desire to promote a community based workplace. At Greenwood Dental the employees were completely welcoming and personable; this was the beginning to my acceptance in to their workplace family. After interning for a few days, they began to see my hard work ethic and my willingness to assist anyone’s needs. My determination to benefit their business in any way possible illustrated to them that I was serious about becoming a part of their team, and from that point on I was viewed as a team member. A prime example of their communal persona is seen in their lunch break room. The break room has qualities similar to a family room in a household and they also bring food for everyone to share. This may not seem like much, but promoting this type of workplace led to a productive and friendly environment. Typically in the United States, everyone keeps to themselves and does their own work, but in Australia they believe in a civic based culture. Australian culture favors equality and during my time at Greenwood, I never felt underappreciated or like an outsider. In the U.S. it is very common to feel isolated and unacknowledged, because everyone is trying to advance themselves instead of working collaboratively. All the employees know their position within the company and that the dentists are the priority, but everyone’s position is necessary in order to run a successful business. Greenwood Dental was made up of many different cultures and it was exciting working with such a diverse group of individuals. It is imperative that individuals submerge themselves in additional cultures in order to understand others and even more importantly develop themselves. Greenwood Dental’s staff consists of employees from seven different countries, so being immersed in such a culturally rich environment aided my development towards better understanding and respect for equality. Australia and the United States come from related backgrounds and as a result the cultures share comparable characteristics, but when analyzing workplace culture the distinction is tremendously clear. The Australian workplace culture tends to be more communal and flexible, while the U.S. encourages hierarchy and competition. A positive workplace culture is a result of motivation, productivity, quality work, and retention (â€Å"Building a Positive†, 2013) and in my opinion Australia is better at acquiring the positive workplace with respect to America. Australian culture strives for positivity and satisfaction, while the United States attempts to improve only their economic status. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, once said, â€Å"Happiness is not the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort†. After my experiences in Australia, I can assert that Australia’s workplace with respect to the U.S. has a more positive, enjoyable, and overall better atmosphere to be a part of. The Australian workplace culture chooses to sacrifice uniformity in order to allow for individuality and happiness. Bibliography Attitude Works. (2013).  Building a positive workplace culture. Retrieved from  http://www.attitudeworks.com.au/AW_pages/attitudes/positive/positive.html Cotter, D., Hermsen, J., Ovadia, S., Vanneman, R. (2001). The glass ceiling effect.  The  University of North Carolina Press,  80(2), 655-682. Retrieved from  http://www.vanneman.umd.edu/papers/CotterHOV01.pdf Cross Border Management. Cross Border Management LLC, (2011).  Us business culture.  Retrieved from website: http://www.crossbordermanagement.com/en/guides/business-culture-in-the-us Doughney, J. (2007). Women and leadership in corporate australia: questions of preference and  adaptive preference.Advancing Women in Leadership Journal,  24, Retrieved from  http://www.advancingwomen.com/awl/spring2007/doughney.htm Leahy, M. (2011). Women and work in australia.  Australian Policy Online, 1-4. Retrieved from  http://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/Women_and_work_in_Australia_APO_guide_Mary_Leahy_0.pdf Linsell, D. (2011, Sept 07). Australia and America arent that different, right?.  Dynamic  Business. Retrieved from http://www.dynamicbusiness.com.au/export/australia-and-america-aren’t-that-different-right-792011.html Ross-Smith, A., McGraw, P. (2010). Eowa 2010.  Equal Opportunity for Women in the  Workplace Agency, 1-32. Retrieved from https://www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/2010_census_tag.pdf Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre. Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre, (2012).  Understanding  australian workplace culture. Retrieved from Receivers to Givers website:  http://www.spectrumvic.org.au/content/download/5667/28832/file/Spectrum MRC    Understanding Australian Workplace Culture.pdf Workplace Gender Equality Agency. (2013).  About workplace gender equality. Retrieved from  https://www.wgea.gov.au/learn/about-workplace-gender-equality

Which is Witch? Essay -- Character Analysis, Ron Rash

The novel, â€Å"One Foot in Eden† by Ron Rash, is an extravagant story that takes the reader into a tail of desperation, forgiveness and the inevitable change that comes with time. The novel is written in first person by four different novel characters who include: The High Sheriff Alexander, Deputy Bobby, Billy Holcombe, and his wife, Amy. The High Sheriff is looking for Holland Winchester, who is known as a local ruffian and war hero. The Sheriff soon learns from Holland’s mother that he had been having an affair with Amy Holcombe prior to his disappearance. Although Amy loves her husband Billy; he cannot give her a child because he is sterile. Amy goes to Holland Winchester, her neighbor, to give her a child because Widow Glendower promised he would. Widow Glendower is a minor character in the novel â€Å"One Foot in Eden.† However, she plays a vital role. Widow Glendower is often referred to as a witch throughout the novel, often associated with a devilish figure. Many believe that witches are dangerous. â€Å"For most of history, in most of the world, the prevailing view of witches is that they present some kind of threat (690 Joshi).† There are certain characteristics that represent the figure of a witch, however, Ronald Hutton states that there is â€Å"no general agreement on what a witch or witchcraft is supposed to be.â€Å" Though out the book, some of Widow Glendower’s actions could be interpreted to embody the characteristics of a witch. However, instead of being viewed as a witch or threatening figure, Widow Glendower should be seen as a part of a traditional herbal healing age, who cared for the sick and received a bad label because of history. She should be noted as a gentle midwife that wish es to invoke life, not take it away. Wid... ...tid=12777 Kontoyannis, M., & Katsetos, C. (2011). Midwives in early modern europe (1400-1800). Health Science Journal, 5(1), 31-36. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/845921670?accountid=12777 Nolan, J., & Robbins, M. (1999). Cultural conservation of medicinal plant use in the ozarks. Human Organization, 58(1), 67-72. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/201159123?accountid=12777 Rash, Ron. One Foot in Eden. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002. Print. Joshi, S.T. Icons of horror and the supernatural: an encyclopedia of our worst nightmares. Greenwood Publishing Company, 2007. Volume 2. Ebook. Popkin, B. (1996). Wives, mothers, and witches: The learned discourse about women in early modern europe. Journal of Womens History, 8(3), 193-193. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/203245655?accountid=12777

Four Weddings And A Polaroid :: essays research papers

Ruby looked up from her cold mug of coffee just as a mysterious man walked into the diner. the sound of the bells on the door handle had startled her and interrupted her usual day dreaming. She watched the man from her counter stool as he seated himself at a nearby booth. He gazed out the window with a troubled look on his face and finally turned and met eyes with Ruby. He offered her a kind smile but Ruby turned her head quickly out of embarrassment. She hadn't even realized she was starring at him, but there was something so familiar about him she couldn't help herself. "Wishful thinking, gals like us never get guys like that." Ruby's thoughts were immediately shut off bye her friend Elaine's comment. "And just why not?" Ruby replied, Elaine just smiled and continued drying the silver wear. Elaine worked at the diner as a waitress, though Ruby never quite understood why. She hated her job, always complaining about everything and everyone there. But that was just Elaine's nature, never satisfied. "Well I better get going, I still have to get my dress from the tailor's, for the big event," started Ruby as she gathered her coat and purse. "I would hardly call your sister's wedding a big event," commented Elaine. "If I recall this is her third big event in two years." "Fourth!" Ruby called out over her shoulder on her way out the door. The days of the week seemed to fly by and before she knew it, Ruby was in her apartment dressing for her sister, Jillian’s wedding. The mysterious man from the diner had almost completely escaped her thoughts. Running late, as usual, she finished fastening the clasp on her bridesmaid gown and hurried outside to catch a cab. Ruby was her sister’s maid of honor and to her it was an honor, at least the first time she was chosen for the position. â€Å"Where to?† beckoned the cabby from the front seat. â€Å"Church of the Redeemer on 38th Street,† Ruby told the cabby as she searched through her purse for the lipstick she had bought strictly for the occasion. She recalled standing, starring at the cosmetics shelf of the drug store for close to twenty minutes trying desperately to locate a shade that would match her dress. She felt foolish for wasting so much time on such an insignificant thing, but how in the world do you match a color like sea-foam?

Compulsive Gambling and It’s Cost to the Economy :: essays research papers

Compulsive Gambling and It’s Cost to the Economy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than 5 million Americans are pathological, compulsive and problem gamblers, and another 15 million are at risk of becoming just like them. A common definition of problem gambling is: a progressive disorder characterized by a continuous or periodic loss of control over gambling and irrational thinking and behavior despite the consequences. When gambling interferes with any one’s life, it can be categorize as an addiction or disease, just like alcohol and drug addiction is categorize as a disease. A study conducted for the National Gambling Impact Study Commission found that 20 million American have or could develop gambling problems. Also they have estimated those 1.8 million American adults as well as up to 1.1 million American adolescents age 12 through 17 engage in severe â€Å"pathological† gambling each year. As legalize gambling has become more common in the United States; problems have sprung up as well. That negative influence is becoming more apparent as gambling is more widely available. It is becoming increasingly easy to gamble in the United States particularly in the last 10 years, and problems with gambling are much more common now than they ever were. Studies show that for every dollar gambling produces for a regional economy, three dollars are lost because of the economic and social cost of gambling. The study has also said that if the government legalizes more gambling, taxpayers will lose money, whether they gamble or not. The gambling industry believ es it is just selling an innocent form of family entertainment, but they don’t mention how much the players lose or how gambling encourages addictive behavior or the enormous costs it creates for the rest of society. It has been said that, gamblers with higher counts of gambling symptoms will have higher rates of problem. There many consequences associated with compulsive, pathological and problem gamblers. Examples of such consequences include job and financial problems, divorce, poor health, and criminal involvement. These addictions are the lifeblood of the gambling industry, said an economist from the University of Illinois by name Earl Grinols.

Mercantilist Relationship Between the American Colonies and the British Government Essay

Mercantilism is an economic policy and theory where the government has complete control of trade, both foreign and inside boundaries. This policy was dominant during the 16th, 17th, and late 18th centuries, it demanded a positive balance of trade between the countries it was involved with. There were many policies that were within the theory based upon mercantilism including, building a network of overseas colonies and forbidding them to trade with other nations, forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships, export as a trade barrier using domestic goods and services competitive against imports, and restricting domestic consumption with non-tariff barriers to trade. The British government established a mercantilist relationship with the American colonies that was to its benefit until 1763 and then the relationship no longer was of economic benefit to the British crown. Prior to 1763 the colonists had no choice but to go along with Parliament’s right to take actions on their behalf and the predominance of Britain’s economic benefits over their personal ones. Seven Years’ War was the war that altered the parliaments actions, had been intended to regulate trade and nothing else, Parliament’s arrangements began to conflict with the colonists’ interests. This caused the colonies to grow and thrive, by the time the British realized this Americans had already established lucrative trade with other countries. Britain became more aware of this growing â€Å"problem† and began to keep a close eye on the colonies and implemented regulatory policies, the British instituted a series of laws of trade and navigation known as the Navigation Acts. The purposes of these acts were to limit colonial trade to the British only. For this to be accomplished all trading to be done involving the colonists was to be on either English vessels or colonial-built vessels, therefore, if colonists planned to trade with other nations all of their goods had to first be shipped to England. This gave the British the chance to get a hand on the items being traded and to collect revenue from taxation before the products were traded. Another limitation that was set on the colonies was that in order to trade products such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton it had to be done with the British only. When the British would notice the colonies beginning to make profit they would add the product that was causing the increase in revenue to the list of products only to be traded with them. Although there were many restrictions placed upon the colonies, they did not cause as much damage as Britain may have hoped. Benjamin Franklin answered when asked, â€Å"I have never heard any objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there†. There were even some benefits even to having these regulations, such as a built in market for raw products that they had and the British did not rigidly enforce the trading regulations that were set. Following Great Britain’s achievement of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War allotted the Proclamation of 1763 in October of 1763. The purpose of the proclamation was to establish Britain’s new North American Empire and to stabilize associations with Native North Americans through regulation of settlement, trade, and land purchases. The proclamation kept certain lands for the Indians and prevented the colonies from settling inland. The colonies wished to expand their territory inlands but with the Proclamation of 1763 they were unable to do so, causing massive amounts of interest conflicts. The British seemed to be enforcing this proclamation more so than any other laws placed on the colonies before. Troops were stationed along the frontier to give the colonists’ no control over attempting to expand their population inland. The colonies feared for overpopulation and crowded cities along the coastline. It appeared that the break down of this mercantilist relationship between the United States colonies and Britain along with the split of America from the British Empire was unavoidable. Before the French and Indian war, Britain was having a hard time keeping up with and maintaining regulations that they had placed upon the colonies. The trade laws were inadequately implemented and the colonies were able to go about their own political and economic systems independently. But, with the close of the war Parliament concluded the time of this neglect of enforcement and became more dominate with the colonies in order to reestablish complete control over their trade. Pervious laws that were established to benefit Britain were enforced harshly and new laws were also applied to further benefit the British. This led to animosity between Britain and the colonies because the colonies experienced economic independence for too long a period causing the colonists to have no desire to return to how things used to be. The aggressive application of the Navigation Act to the colonists subdued their manufacturing operations and increased resentment against the British Parliamentary. The severe enforcement of these laws led to inflation and alienation in the colonies, neither of which benefited the British Empire. During this time of strict enforcement there were many more laws and acts placed upon the colonies to restrict their trade and growth. Parliament passed the Sugar and Molasses Act trying to bring the colonies in line with regard to payment of taxes. The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses and listed more foreign goods to be taxed including coffee, wines, sugar, and various other goods. The tax on caused the instantaneous deterioration in the rum industry in the colonies. This interrupted the economy in the colonies because it reduced the markets to which the colonies could sell and the amount of currency available to them for the purchase of British manufactured goods. This act, and the Currency Act, set the stage for the revolt at the imposition of the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax on documents and articles, this act directly affected all colonists. The law required a stamp to be placed on all printed materials, including legal documents, almanacs, pamphlets, and newspapers. Although this affected all colonists, lawyers, clergymen, and printers felt the wrath of this act the most. Benjamin Franklin stated â€Å"There is not gold and silver enough in the colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year†. The before and after of this act set in stone the perceived idea that the mercantilist benefits of the relationship between the colonies and Britain may have run its course. After debate about the collection of taxes due to the Stamp Act was the Quartering Act of 1765. The Quartering Act was part of the intolerable acts; the purpose of this act was only to take back hold of the colonies. The act violated the Bill of Rights, which forbids taxation without representation and the raising or keeping of a standing army without the consent of Parliament; colonies disputed the legality of this Act. In his first speeches in Parliament, Camden said, â€Å"taxation and representation are inseparable; this position is founded on the laws of nature; it is more, it is itself an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man’s own, is absolutely his own; no man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or representative; whoever attempts to do it, attempts an injury; whoever does it, commits a robbery; he throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery. Taxation and representation are coeval with and essential to the constitution†¦Ã¢â‚¬  If the soldiers outnumbered the housing available the colonies were expected to pay the cost of housing and feeding the troop, after the arrival of the troops New York refused to pay for supplies causing the troops to have to stay aboard their ships. Even after attempts to revise the Stamp Act, New York still resisted which led to the repeal of this act and the Stamp Act. With no doubt it seemed that violent hostility would prevail even with any effort to change the Acts making it almost impossible for Britain to establish any hope for a beneficial relationship with the colonies. The steady resistance to the Stamp Act led to it being repealed, which cost the British, â€Å"Suppose a military force sent into America; they will find nobody in arms; what are they then to do? They cannot force a man to take stamps who chooses to do without them. They will not find a rebellion; they may indeed make one. † This repeal showed the colonists that their resisting the act worked and would put fire to their future revolts considering this worked for them. The British were losing money now and the colonies did not seem to be hurt as badly as would have been hoped by the British. To down play the win that the colonies had just accomplished Parliament set out another act, the Declaratory Act, to serve as a punishment. The Declaratory Act asserted that Parliament â€Å"had, hath, and of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America †¦ in all cases whatsoever†. In the context and the word choice in which this was written shows that the act was intentionally clear-cut and to the point. Parliament had the upper hand and the absolute power to make laws and changes to the colonial government, â€Å"in all cases whatsoever†. Caught up in attempting to strip the colonies of their freedoms in order to prevent them from creating a profit, the British were losing money and quite frankly, running out of it. In one final attempt to gain back control of the colonies and make their relationship work Parliament passed the Townshend Act. A colonist identified as Brutus argued against that assumption, stating, â€Å"Nothing can be more flagrantly wrong than the Assertion of some of our mercantile Dons. John Hancock adds, â€Å"Taxes equally detrimental to the commercial interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent; Taxes designed for the Support of the Civil Government in the Colonies, in a Manner clearly unconstitutional, and contrary to that, in which ’till of late, Government has been supported, by the free Gift of the People in the American Assemblies or Parliaments; as also for the Maintenance of a large Standing Army; not for the Defiance of the newly acquired Territories, but for the old Colonies, and in a Time of Peace. This testimony written in a letter was tremendously effective in the efforts to abolish this act placed upon the colonies; there were also the Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, which had its influence on the topic as well. There were twelve letters that were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were a major factor in attempting to unit the colonists against the Townshend Acts. Dickenson, the farmer, acknowledged the great power that the Parliament had in concern for the whole British Empire but argued that the taxes that were given to the colonies were for purpose of their own personal gain in revenue rather then what was stated in the books of the acts being for purpose of trade only. Dickinson foresees the possibility of future conflict between the colonies and Great Britain, but urges against the use of violence, â€Å"If at length it becomes undoubted that an inveterate resolution is formed to annihilate the liberties of the governed, the English history affords frequent examples of resistance by force. What particular circumstances will in any future case justify such resistance can never be ascertained till they happen. Perhaps it may be allowable to say generally, that it never can be justifiable until the people are fully convinced that any further submission will be destructive to their happiness. † The colonies boycotted this idea, their boycott, although it failed, gave them the strength to continue to not follow the acts that the Parliament required of them. The British had no way to enforce the collection of taxes so Britain had no choice but to repeal the Townshend Act. Britain was completely unstable and given this, the mercantilist relationship was coming to an end between the United States colonies and the British; the Tea Act would create the breaking point for this relationship. â€Å"An act to allow a drawback of the duties of customs on the exportation of tea to any of his Majesty’s colonies or plantations in America; to increase the deposit on bohea tea to be sold at the India Company’s sales; and to empower the commissioners of the treasury to grant licenses to the East India Company to export tea duty-free. The Tea Act of 1773 caused in turn the Boston Tea Party, which aggravated the British so greatly that they delivered a punishment act. The punishment acts were called the Coercive Acts and also, along with other acts, became part of the intolerable acts the British had placed upon the colonies. The Boston Port Act, The Massachusetts Government Act, The Administration of Justice Act, The Quartering Act, and the Quebec Act were all placed in order for Britain to again attempt to take control over the colonies. The restrictions placed on the colonies by these acts included the closing of the port of Boston, limited the meetings to one meeting per year, allowed the governor to move trails, and attempted to house the British solders. This out lash of over bearing authority over the colonies became known as the main reason that the mercantilist relationship could not continue. Britain’s attempts of harsh leadership and the lack of economic opportunities became great enough to continuously push the colonies away and gave them reason to revolt and not comply. As years passed the interests of the colonies and British began to not be similar in any ways, causing conflicts. The colonists educated themselves in ways that the British had not expected, giving the colonies the upper hand in knowing what they deserved and what was being taken from them. There were no longer any benefits to having a relationship with Britain and the colonists were well educated on this fact and showed their feelings on this aspect in many ways. The mercantilist relationship was no longer making a profit for the British Crown or bringing benefits to anyone; it was causing them to lose money. This loss was apparent after the downfall of both the economic systems after the French and Indian War in 1763.

Behaviour Change Model-Reflection

I chose this tact as I believed my diet was tuckering my requirements for two macro and microinstructions and was closely aligned with recommended servings in The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. (1) upon reproof of the first days viands record, I saw that my diet was inadequate. I was non meeting the serving suggestions for most of the victuals groups and I was lacking in calcium and iron. So, the next day I concentrated on hitting the targets for calcium and Iron. It was a profuse day of classes at University, so I had to make sure I ate a lunch that was overflowing In Iron and had servings from the required victuals groups. ) usu onlyy when I yield a integral day at university, grim have a bounteous eat at home and if I do eat between classes, it will be a piece of fruit. I chose a lamb and lentil curry, which is high in iron and also contains calcium. After eating I felt very full and did not enjoy the meal. By dinner metre I was still full and not looking fo rward to dinner, further knew that there were still nutrients I needed to consume and food groups I had to have serves from. Before bed that day I felt very uncomfortable as If I had eaten far too some(prenominal) food.But everything I ate was In literary argument with The Australian Gulled to Healthy(l) eating as hale as the Nutrient Reference set set out in Australian guidelines for pregnant women. (2) On Friday I woke previous(predicate) in the morning for work and had a family wedding in the evening. I was unable(p) to eat anything for most of that day as it was so busy. For the first time since commencement the diet, I thought about alcohol as it was being served all or so me and I was constantly asked by ply and family if I wanted a drink.Having to politely say no to people all night and explaining to family members hat I wasnt very pregnant, was difficult and frustrating. Influencing factors The reason I opinionated to not pro-actively ensure that my diet met the requirements for a pregnant female, was because I truly believed by eliminating foods that were a potential source of listener, mercury, vitamin A, alcohol and caffeine, my diet would closely meet the incumbent guidelines. My theory was incorrect and I take in that to meet these requirements I would need to do a lot of planning and pre formulation of meals and find times to eat them.The remote factors that influenced my decision making were environmental and physical. I ate what was available at the time and was limited by this. Alternative scheme and when. By not taking a proactive approach to your daily menu, it is left(a) up to what is available in degenerate food options, which are often large greasy meals that you cannot be sure of cooking and ingredients. Learning To meet the necessary requirements, a pregnant woman needs to eat a large amount of food and plan and pre prepare meals.

The Medical Elective Medical Training Health And Social Care Essay

The aesculapian elective is an of entailment fragment of health check examination cookery and commerce. It open fire in want elan be an exciting jeopardize to retard health tutelage placements of s foreveral(predicate) claims and query countries of medical exam persuasiveness that I seduce erratic contacts in.My initial programs argon to h overaged the elect location abroad, ide alone in exclusivelyy in ii sepa rank locations. Language is an of import factor in taking the lands as I would wish to be able to pass on with the forbearings and physicians. Out of all the English speech w atomic number 18 states, I cereb govern it would be an interesting receive to gather a less unquestionable state or a less developed commence within a developed state. The round oppositewisewise iodin-half of the pick out I would take a developed state and comparison and contrast the two wellness ashess.I want the fond indirect requests to be in the main cl inical based as I support use the accomplishments in everyday medical specialty and other(a) flash I shit learnt during the two senile ages of clinical preparation. I would non wholly line the panorama to blend in around clinical based look into, and I am awake that investigate undertakings may take just about nip off to organize and may similarly necessitate forelandless resources in piece, such as permission from forbearings and aid from other provide, from the finish infirmary and establishments.In footings of safety during expire, although I have travelled to as clear uped states, al bingle I have neer travelled or nonionized travel on my ain. Safety in footings of individualal properties, nutrient and drink and personal safety should be put into consideration. If possible, holding the arrangement with a shoplifter would be ideal. As all the 4th yr King s medical schoolchilds be travelling on electives this summer, happening a mate travelling to the same topographical points should be quite a possible.Having only came back from vacation in America, the idea of traveling back for the elective to hold a on the caper experience over in the States appe atomic number 18d earlier attractive. The US has a truly variant health circumspection governing body comparison to the UK. To pick out up unmatchables mind their physicians, the patients over in America would necessitate to hold sequestered health amends which potbelly be a in truth dearly-won payment. It would be interesting to see how the in personal funded health system impacting patient experience comp ard to the NHS in the UK.America is a heavy(a) state and this bring ons taking the location a darn to a greater extent than embarras ripple. To acquire an sight approximately where usually make medical pupils travel for electives in America, I searched on the nonappointive Abstract agreement on Virtual Campus. USA seems to be a unfeignedly bes t-selling(predicate) state for King s pupils to travel for electives as thither is a colossal inclination of an or eccentric of infirmary and establishment for all fortes. The popular finishs be the major caput citys like New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco and etc. mass of the infirmaries do non accept worldwide pupils for elected straight, a hardly a(prenominal) nigglingrer clinics do, but the cost is real high and they seem to be really specialize. Feedbacks from pupils are also assorted, or so are happy with their experience, but non some(prenominal)one had a hands-on experience. Access to patients apprise be a job sometimes in some forte clinics, and most times are played push through on detecting. Using to medical schools crowd out to a fault be hard as a atomic pile of Ameri kindle medical pupil are whateverhow looking for elected arrangements and the disposal fee only when washbowl be $ 100 for the application widely. posthumousr on those resea rch and further idea, I was somewhat put off by the thought of traveling to the States. instead of traveling entirely, it would be a discontinue manner to go with a friend. Culadeeban ( Deeban ) Ratneswaran, another King s 4th medical pupil was looking for a spouse for electives and I have worked with him during my abdominal lap motion in tertiary twelvemonth. Deeban was in the influence of organizing a research undertaking some respiratory medical specialty in chief city of wrong-doinggapore which intricate some informations aggregation. He needed a spouse to work with on the undertaking and we decided to make the elected arrangements to crapher.We came crosswise a paper create verbally by Dr Deborah Ng and her co-workers, titled consciousness of consume risk of exposures and attitudes towards in writing health warning labels on coffin nail battalions a cross-ethnical look into of two existences in infernal regiongapore and Scotland . We were believing close to(p redicate) emulating this survey ourselves, looking into the cross-cultural differences amid capital of Singapore and London, alternatively of Scotland. We go forth implement a questionnaire approach to roll up the information as equalize to interviews because we want to roll up as practically informations as possible while unchanging operative on the clinical side of the arrangement during the elected achievement.We at whatever rate emailed Dr Ng on farther advice about her survey and she kindly contacted the caput of respiratory theatrical role she was running(a) under in Singapore, Professor Sin Fai Lam. Professor Sin agreed to give us 4 hebdomads arrangement in Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in the respiratory component and at the same attenuated down let us introduction to patients for the research undertaking. In order to transport out this undertaking we anyway require moralss blessing and this demand to be use by a qualified physician. We were told that Professor Sin s squad is instead busy and unable(p) to perpetrate their line up for the respectable blessing. We are still committed for the clinical arrangement in Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, and at this phase we are seeking alternate shipway to acquire the ethical blessing, per get from another part or another infirmary.For the 2nd half of the elected, we did non bank to go excessively far out of the lay outs. This is part to salvage cost and besides clip spend on travel. So we applied for a few posters in Kuala Lumpur in Malayansia. Hospital Kuala Lumpur kindly trustworthy our applications for a 4 hebdomad long identity card in the common medical specialty section. This would deny a free assortment of medical specialty, and it would be ingenuous to hold a broad arena of experience after a really specialized running(a) arrangement. I can besides utilize this clip to acquire to a greater extent experience in fortes that we besides had restrain exposure so far, for illustrat ion, ENT, dermatology and ophthalmology. sound out Count 1004Career SectionSelf-assessmentDuring my pre-clinical surveies in Cambridge, I had really limited exposure to tangible clinical regulation so I kept an unfastened head about which forte I would wish to prosecute for future handicraft. I exhaustively enjoyed larning anatomy in setoff twelvemonth of medical specialty, and peculiarly the clip worn out(p) in dissection lab. What appealed to me is that I would read about trusted parts of the organic structure and the pursuit xxiv hours I can hold the hands-on chance to recap the cognition to visualize it in existent life.The clinical survey offered better chances in transaction geographic voyage. Throughout the assorted rotary motions, I found operating theatre fascinating and I m ever enthusiastic to go to theatre Sessionss. Although, as a medical pupil, most of the clip pass in theater is to detect the operations but I was more than lament to scour in to help when asked. I besides enjoyed the type of squad work in operating theatre where separately person has a clearly defined and alone share in the operating theater.Career research geographic expedition and treatmentsThe medical checkup military capability Training web turn up ( 1 ) is a easily starting point for callings research as it provides information on all fortes within medical specialty. After medical school, every physician has to travel through two conception old ages and use for forte preparations, these can be medical, surgical, psychopathology and list of run through fortes. For the surgical fortes, in that respect are two Core running(a) Training old ages to be spotless foremost. indeed thither is another application procedure for the 3rd twelvemonth ( CT3 ) , which is for a sub-specialty, for illustration, cardiothoracic military operation. The aspiration information shows that surgery is a extremely popular pick, though the competition for other fortes can be every bit ferocious.I have besides attended the Specialty Fair hosted by Royal College of Medicine. It was aimed for both medical pupils and foundation twelvemonth physicians and it had a whole stretch of fortes on show. Having talked to a examine of the physicians from assorted fortes, orthopaedical surgery peculiarly stood out for me. It is a surgical forte cautioned with castanetss, articulations and their motion. It overlies both hurt and other diseases, for illustration, congenital and degenerative. I think it can be an highly rewarding calling where I can set patients back after terrible imperfection or reconstruct independency by alleviating creaky articulation hurting, both can genuinely exchange the patient s life.Figure 1. orthopedic surgery. From www.sussexotc.nhs.ukHaving non through with(p) the rotary motion for orthopedic surgery and injury, I wanted some early gustatory gumption for the forte and the 2011 National Undergraduate Trauma convention provided t he perfect juncture. The conference gave great penetration into the calling options usable in injury and orthopedic surgery. The workshops channelise by experient physicians in the airfield besides allowed the pupil to pattern some of the skilled involved, for illustration, laparoscopy.Using your elected to research your optionsI think the elected period ordain be an first-class clip to research my acres of involvement and callings option. For the first half of my elected in Singapore, I ordain be passing four hebdomads in the orthopedic section in a really modern infirmary. on that point are five advisers in the section, all of which are practised in the UK so they will hold a reasonably solid apprehension of the degree of preparation I m presently at and what would profit me the most during this poster. By this phase I would hold done my orthopedic surgery fond regard, and extra exposure in this field will reinforcement and hopefully farther develop the cognition and acco mplishment I already have. I should besides do the most out of this chance to acquire every bit a good deal practical experience as possible in larning the basic surgical techniques and beamion of the customary instances encountered in orthopedicss.For the 2nd half the elected in Kuala Lumpur, although I m officially posted under general medical specialty, in world the infirmary is really flexible for the elected pupils. The adviser who is oversing me during the poster has no job with elected pupils doing usage of the clip in Hospital Kuala Lumpur to acquire a broad context of experience.Personal contemplation on calling thoughts/decisions to day of the monthThe big calling pick medical specialty offers makes the termination really hard, particularly most fortes requires drawn-out preparation. In order to do a steadfast inclination on which way to take, careful research of necessity to be done to do authoritative that I am clear in my ends, altering calling way in medical spe cialty and re-start preparation can be really boring. I think at this phase of developing it is really hard to hold a clear image of what I want to make. While larning about the different subjects in medical specialty can be quite an different when work on them. Although it does give some penetration about what it is like to work in that field.To this day of the month, I am really be given towards surgery for my future calling. Bing able to straight see the job, keeping the breakage or experiencing the obstruction so repairing the job utilizing your custodies is really hearty. It requires drawn-out preparation and stark naked accomplishments are invariably acquired even after making. I ever find it exciting to scrubbing-up, operating, or generally as a medical pupil, helping in theater. There is a huge array of subspecialties on offer, from urogenital medicine to plastic surgery. Some factors will be common to all fortes, but separately will hold their ain set of challenges and demands.Orthopedic surgery is the most appealing subspecialties in surgery, it can be really physical but there are numerous specialist tools available to cut down the demand for inordinate force. The on-call agenda is relatively demanding as accidents can go on any clip of the twenty-four hours. In contrast with ENT surgery where more of the surgeries are elected with really small exigency work so the working hours can be rather flexible.Through the class, I am going more informed about the different calling options and have got a better thought of what kind of calling I want, though non convinced(p) plenty to do a concluding determination. At the same clip I should non go delimitate minded and ignore the other countries of medical specialty, because I may yet detect other peeled involvements. give voice Count 1018Global health SectionGlobal health is a subject in medical specialty derived from world health and international wellness. It has been defined as an uncouth f or survey, research and pattern that places a precedence on bettering wellness and accomplishing candour in wellness for all people worldwide ( 2 ) . It is a field joins the medical and societal scientific discipline subjects, including tender-hearted ecology, scotch sciences, epidemiology and many others. It uses wellness informations such as life anticipation and sister mortality rate to mensurate the wellness jobs present in an country. It besides emphasises on wellness divulges such as human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and malaria that can hold a wandering(a) economical and political impact.What is rightfulness in wellness?Health equity among states and within a state or community is a major issue in planetary wellness. The unexclusiveity of societal and economic equity and decrease of wellness disparities has been a firebird subject in domestic public wellness, international wellness, and planetary wellness ( 2 ) . Equity of wellness can be conf apply with equality of wellness. Health equity focuses on the distribution of resources and other procedures that contract a peculiar sort of inequality between more and less advantaged groups, in other words, wellness inequality that is un however or unfair ( 3 ) .Not all wellness disparities are unjust ( 4 ) , for illustration, we would anticipate immature grownups are healthy than the aged and work forces have prostate jobs whereas gravid females do nt. only, if the difference arises from immunization degree or nutritionary position, so it would do business from an equity position ( 3 ) . More late, Braveman and Gruskin defined wellness equity as absence of systematic disparities in wellness between different societal groups. Unfairnesss in wellness consistently put groups of people who are already socially disadvantaged ( for illustration, by probity of being woeful, female, and/or fellow elements of a disfranchised racial ethnic or spiritual group ) at farther disadvantage with regard to their wellness wellness is indispensable to wellbeing and to get the better ofing other effects of societal disadvantage. ( 3 )Financing of wellness heedFinancing of wellness attention is a major factor in equity of wellness attention, it is the activity of raising or roll uping gross to pay for the operation of a wellness attention system ( 5 ) . The formulaic classs for pecuniary starting lines are revenue enhancement enhancement, societal wellness insurance, occult wellness insurance and out-of-pocket payments. Depending on the wellness attention system there are many fluctuations in the bread and butter beginnings, for illustration, societal wellness attention insurance can be use on a national degree or a community degree and it can all be compulsory or voluntary ( 6 ) . Equity in wellness attention reinforcement is assessed by the grade of inequality in nonrecreational for wellness attention between families of unequal top executive To Pay ( ATP ) ( 7 ) . Policy shapers in assorted states seem to be building wellness attention financing harmonizing to ATP. The Ministry of Health ( MOH ) in Malaysia subscribes to this dodging by suggesting that the state s part to the refreshing national wellness financing strategy to be related to ATP ( 8 ) .Malayan wellness attention systemThe cardinal rule of the Malaysian wellness attention system is that the handiness to wellness attention is non to be related to ATP, peculiarly in the event of disorder ( 9 ) . The Malayan wellness attention system has seen great betterment over the past old ages. During the period of 1990 to 2005, life anticipation at support increased significantly males from 69.0 to 71.8 old ages and females from 73.5 to 76.2 old ages infant mortality rate stemmaen from 13.5 to 5.1 per 1000 ( 8 ) . Malaysia was ranked at 49 from 191 WHO member states ( 10 ) , which assessed the overall wellness public presentation against the leash aims of good wellness, reactivity and just fi scal part. Malaysia s public presentation at just fiscal part is comparatively low ( 122-123 out of 191 WHO member states ) compared to the other two aims ( 10 ) .In Malaysia, the dregs of the people and mystical wellness armed services co-exist. The government provides public wellness services through public infirmaries and wellness clinics. Private wellness attention complement the medical services provided by the authorities and its outgrowth is set by demand.The wellness system overall is preponderantly revenue enhancement payd. The national outgo showed that authorities subsidises 58.2 % of the support in public sector whilst the brace of 41.8 % is payd by the unavowed sector in 2003 ( 11 ) . The support are from five chief beginnings direct revenue enhancements, indirect revenue enhancements, Employee Provident neckcloth ( EPF ) and Social Security Organisation ( SOCSO ) parts, private insurance premiums and out-of-pocket payments ( 6 ) . Those financess are transfe rred straight or indirectly to either public or private installations.Figure 2. septs Financial Contributions to Health Care System in Malaysia. From ( 6 ) .Many parametric quantities and techniques are available in the appraisal of equity of funding in a peculiar wellness attention system. Progressivity measures the divergence from proportionality in the kinship between wellness payment and ATP ( 12 ) . A forward-moving system means that the persons or families with greater ATP are paying more proportionately in funding wellness attention. The Kakwani s progressiveness index ( 13 ) is a widely employ tool in public finance to measure equity. The value ranges from -2 in the most regressive system to +1 in the most progressive system, 0 agencies that the system is relative and wellness payments distinguish for the same proportion of income, irrespective of the person s income ( 14 ) . A research carried out by Yu et Al ( 6 ) employed information from Household Expenditure Sur vey ( HES ) Malaysia 1998/99 evinced that the five finance beginnings in Malaysia have produced a imperfect system which is regarded as just. Malaysia s Kakwani s progressiveness index mark compares really favorably to other revenue enhancement financed wellness attention systems in both development and developed states ( 6 ) . This determination contradicts the WHO universe of discourse Health Report 2000, in which an older informations beginning from 1980s was used compared to the 1998/99 figures used in the new study. The two different findings besides indicate betterment in the equity of fiscal part in the wellness attention system during this clip.Although the finance of wellness attention can be regarded as just in Malaysia, there are other unfairnesss. Many among the hapless fail to seek wellness service due to go and chance costs. The private travel costs incurred to seek intervention have been high and besides increased at a higher rate compared to household income ( 15 ) . The hapless besides live farther from medical installations and have to pass more to go compared to the rich ( 15 ) .From the instance of Malaysia we can see that achieve equity in wellness attention can be really hard. The state has a really just manner to finance the wellness attention system but jobs remains in the distribution of service. in any case the turning proportion of private finance beginnings will do an escape of skill medical forces from the rabble sector which will make farther entree unfairnesss.Word count 1104Final Aims and AimsExperience wellness attention systems in different states. The two states that I m sing will hold rather different systems to each other and the UK. It would be interesting to see what can be learnt from each and what can we make to better our ain wellness system.Practice the clinical accomplishments acquired in the past two old ages and hopefully get some new accomplishments that can be used in the hereafter. This can be a good clip to retouch on all the clinical accomplishments which will be needed during fond regards in the 5th twelvemonth and foundation occupations.Use this chance to research calling options. More exposure in orthopedic surgery will hopefully cunt up my aspiration towards surgical callings. Use the clip in Kuala Lumpur to acquire more exposure to fortes that I have nt had much exposure, for illustration, ENT and dermatology.To carry on the research undertaking, this is still pending on ethical blessing. This is an chance to pattern how to transport out clinical researches, which is a utile accomplishment to hold regardless of the forte I will be come ining. If the research is approved and everything else goes good, it can be a good opportunity to hold some work published early in the calling.Word count 207History of Elective PlansSingaporeSince my elective is split into two halves, I shall give tongue to about each individually. My first finish is Singapore. formally know as the Republic of Singapore, it is a metropolis province and besides an island state. Situated off the southerly tip of the Malay peninsula, separated from Malaya by the audio of Johor. It is the universe s 4th taking finance Centre and the 3rd busiest port.Figure 3. Singapore view at dark from www.panorami.comWith a community of merely over 5 million and being one of the smallest states in the universe, its population denseness is the 3rd highest in the universe. Merely 2.9 million of its population are natural locally, 43 % ( 16 ) . Singapore is a multicultural state, the 2010 nose count ( 17 ) indicates that bulk of population being cultural Chinese ( 74.1 % ) , with 13.4 % Malays, 9.2 % Indians. There are four official linguistic communications in Singapore English, Mandarin, Tamil and Malay. English is the on the job linguistic communication and all physicians are trained in English. The largest faith is Buddhism ( 44.2 % ) , Christianity and Islam are the other chief faiths with 18.3 % and 14.7 % severally ( 17 ) .Figure 4. The Merlion, a emblem of Singapore. This fabulous animal is a capturing loanblend of a king of beasts and a fish. From www. travellerfolio.comSingapore has a world(a) health care system where the authorities ensures affordability. near care outgo ( 68.1 % ) ( 18 ) is provided by the private sector, and the remainder is from the authorities. Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( 18 ) , Singapore has the lowest infant mortality rate ( 3 in 1000 ) and it besides has one of the highest life anticipations at birth ( 80 old ages ) . Singapore has one of the most successful health care systems in the universe, in footings of both force in funding and the consequences achieved in community wellness results ( 19 ) . The system uses a combination of authorization nest eggs from salary tax write-offs, founded by the workers and employers, a means-tested authorities subsidies for those in fiscal stroke and a national insurance strategy to ma ke out major and drawn-out maladys ( 19 ) . Although really successful, this peculiar health care system is hard to cacuminal in other states , chiefly because the comparatively little population of 5 million on a concentrated piece of land, so the planning of the health care substructure is much easier comparing to larger states ( 19 ) .There are 13 private infirmaries, 10 authorities founded infirmaries and a figure of other specializer clinics. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital ( KTPH ) is the newest public infirmary in Singapore, built to function the health care need of more than 650,000 peopleA who live and work in the atomic number 7 of the city.A The infirmary was officially loose in November 2010, the entire cost of development was $ 674m ( 20 ) , $ 125m of which was donated by the late Khoo Teck Puat s household, who was wealthiest adult male in Singapore. KTPH is a territory general infirmary consists of 19 wards with 550 beds, with a six-storey Specialist Outpatient Clinic block, and an eight-storey edifice lodging the private wards and a 10-storey subsidized tower ( 20 ) . KTPH is besides actively involved in medical instruction and come forth clinical instruction to medical pupils from Yong Loo Lin give lessons of Medicine at the National University of Singapore ( 20 ) .Figure 5. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital. From www.flickr.comKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMalaysia is situated in southernmost vitamin E Asia, separated into two parts by the South China Sea into peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo, besides known as West and East Malaysia severally. The Peninsular Malaysia was known as Malaya, gained independency from Britain in 1975, so united with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore to organize Malaysia in 1963. However in 1965, Singapore withdrew from the federation and formed an individual state.The entire population of Malaysia is merely over 28 million ( 21 ) , Malays and other Bumiputera groups make up 65 % of the population, Chinese 26 % , Indians 7.1 % and other cultural groups 1 % ( 22 ) . The distribution of population across the state is instead uneven with approximately 80 % life in Peninsular Malaysia ( 21 ) .There are 137 living linguistic communications intercommunicate in Malaysia ( 23 ) . Bahasa Malaysia, a standardised from of Malay is the official linguistic communication. English was the official administrative linguistic communication before Malaysia s independency and remained to be widely used, particularly in service industries and other work topographic points. So communication should non be an issue during the elected. Islam is the largest and the official faith with 60.4 % of the population, Buddhism and Christianity are the other chief faiths with 19.2 % and 9.1 % fol unhorsess severally.Figure 6. Map of Malaysia. From www.cia.govKuala Lumpur is the hood and the largest metropolis in the state with a population of 8 million in the metropolitan country ( 24 ) . The name literally means slipshod estuary i n Malay It has developed from a hut town lodging mineworkers from the nearby Sn mine in mid nineteenth century to be dominated by the tallest skyscrapers in Southeast Asia and flower with the returns of international trade and commercialism. Kuala Lumpur is a really divers(prenominal) metropolis in footings of human ecology, faith and civilization with historic temples and mosques sitting aboard futuristic towers. This variety attracts tourers from all over the universe, and I am certain I will hold plentifulness to make and see in my free clip.Figure 7. Kuala Lumpur at dawn with Petronas Towers ruling the skyline. From kualalumpurhotels.travelHospital Kuala Lumpur is the largest infirmary in Malaysia and one of the largest in Asia. It is situated on one hundred fifty estates of land with 83 wards and 2302 beds. It employs a immense staff of 7000 workers, including 200 advisers and specializers with 500 registrars and house officers ( 25 ) . The infirmary is situated at the Cen tre of the metropolis, and was built in 1870 and consisted of merely 3 wards. Since so, it has been invariably upgraded and in 1997 it has completed upgrading its Institute of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine ( 25 ) . HKL besides plays an of import function in developing wellness professionals. As it is the chief instruction infirmary for medical pupils from the National University of Malaysia the staff will be more than capable to supply a worthwhile erudition experience and hence it is a really popular pick among elected pupils. Many fifth pupils worn out(p) their electives in HKL exhaustively enjoyed their posters. As it is a immense infirmary there are so many different sections I can see and most physicians are more than happy for you to fall in their squad for a twenty-four hours regardless the section you are posted under.Figure 8. The Thean Hou Temple is one of the largest Chinese Buddhist temples in Kuala Lumpur. Officially opened in 1989, it is dedicated to Ti an Hou ( The Heavenly Mother ) . From www.flickr.comWord count 1092Personal Safety, Health and WellbeingFor personal safety issues about the states I am about to see for the electives, I foremost checked the Foreign and Commonwealth powerfulness web site for some general advice. For Singapore, there is an underlying menace from terrorist act. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in topographic points frequented by exiles and foreign travelers ( 26 ) .This means there is a low degree of known terrorist activity. So from terrorist act concern point of position, Singapore is by chance safer than the UK. FCO besides states that violent offense is rare, but travelers should be cognizant of street offense such as bag-snatching. This sort of activity occurs more often in tourist country such as airdromes, I think I should exert same sort of cautiousness as I would in all big metropoliss.The FCO peculiarly highlighted that the offenses of indignation of modestness ( torment ) ca n ensue in a all right, gaol or bodily penalty ( the ray of light rotang cane ) . Travelers are advised to avoid any action that could be interpreted as molestation. Scams change false claims of molest are thought to be ( 26 ) . This should non be a major concern as most people would exert common sense non to do any offense, though this does dispirit traveler to the state that certain misbehaviors that would be dealt leniently in the UK can take to really over skilful penalty in Singapore.The menace of terrorist act is somewhat more serious in Malaysia, FCO listed it as a state with general menace of terrorist act and some degree of known terrorist activity ( 26 ) .The FCO besides warned against travel to the east Sabah part of the state as there are indicants that both condemnable and terrorist groups are be aftering violent Acts of the Apostless against foreign tourers ( 26 ) in that country. The last incidence affecting foreign subjects was in 2003 and there are no oth er describe incidences since. East Sabah is in east Malaysia, far from the capital metropolis Kuala Lumpur, and I have no programs to go to that portion of the state.In footings of insurance during elected period and other travels that may follow, I have ever purchased travel insurance to cover my flights to and from place during the spend period. I have been with Insure & A Go for a figure of old ages, it s a really dependable conjunction and their one-year multi-trip constitution is really comprehensive. The insurance bundle costs ?70 per twelvemonth, which includes cancellation, personal properties, luggage, paperss and whole scope of other screens. ane of import screen I should foreground is the medical screen. As if for any ground I fall ill during the elected or the period spent going after the elected, I would be cover for the local wellness service if it s needed. The wellness attention systems in Singapore is mostly in private founded so the cost it would be rather e xpensive, and the National University of Singapore requires all incoming elected pupils to hold medical insurance during the elected period. I have besides checked with the insurance company that the medical elective is covered as portion of the travel insurance as it can be a gray country between vacation travel and working travel. They have confirmed that the elective is covered by this policy.Professional insurance or malpractice insurance is besides required by the arrangement in Singapore. I have joined the Medical Protection Society since first twelvemonth of medical school but I have neer required their service. If I keep on following the counsel as I have been in the UK during the clinical surveies, professional insurance should non be of concern. I understand the medical pattern in different wellness systems and different civilization can change, patients lookout station and apprehension of the function of medical pupil can besides be rather different. While working wit h patients, whether on ward or clinic, I should acquire my function and do certain the patients understand who I am and what I m making. At any point, if I am diffident about the ethical deductions of a certain pattern, for illustration, inquiring for consent from patient for scrutiny, I should confer with a senior member of the squad and inquire for advice for the recognized criterion of pattern in that peculiar infirmary.Dengue febrility is known to happen in both Singapore and Malaysia ( 27 ) . There is no available inoculation or medical specialty to forestall this disease. The best bill is to avoid mosquito bites by utilizing anti-mosquito sprays and picks. There is besides a casualty of malaria in Malaysia ( 27 ) , once more anti-mosquito steps should be used. In add-on, chemoprophylaxis should be used in concurrence. Chloroquine opposition is present in peninsular Malaysia, I shall take proguanil along with chloroquine. These drugs are available from most pharmaceuticss.An other major wellness concern for pupils traveling abroad for elected arrangement is the hazard of HIV exposure. The prevalence of HIV in Singapore and Malaysia are both really low. The latest figure shows that the prevalence of HIV in Malaysia is approximately 0.5 % and 0.15 % in Singapore, comparing to 0.35 % in the UK ( 28 ) . For the orthopedic surgery fond regard in Singapore, I will likely be in contact with strain while detecting or helping in theaters. Since the prevalence of HIV in Singapore is lower than this state, the hazard of exposure is really little. The fond regard in Kuala Lumpur would be based in the general medical specialty section, so the opportunities of contact with blood is minimum along with the low prevalence of HIV, the hazard of HIV exposure is once more really low. Hence, I m non sing taking a post-exposure prophylaxis kit with me during the elected fond regard.One unwellness which I m likely to endure from is traveler s diarrhea. From experience, durin g about every abroad trip, I would hold traveler s diarrhea at some phase. This is likely because I frequently like to seek the local nutrient and drinks and non afraid of feeding unfamiliar things. To understate the hazard of holding diarrhea, of any kind, I should avoid feeding and imbibing in less reputable constitutions. As a rampart I would besides take some loperamide tablets and anti-emetics in instance of diarrhea or more serious nutrient toxic condition.Word count 998