The Fall of West Rome

The Roman Empire was attacked by the Goths and the Vandals during 190 AD which started the fall of Ancient Rome wherein different parts of the empire had civil wars that caused further deteriorating of Rome. Different tribes like Goths invaded the country since they want to move south to experienced better climate condition that is helpful to their farming. During this time Rome also has poor emperors that cannot handle the job properly. When Emperor Diocletian ruled Rome, he decided that the Empire should be divided into two so that it will be easier to rule, the Western and Eastern Empire was established in which it has its own leader.The problem that Diocletian faced was that more military barrier had to be created in which the Empire cannot support its cost. The taxes were increased which leads to inflation causing the rise of the prices of commodity which causes the leaders to become unfavorable to the people. The Role of Constantine in the Fall of Rome Constantine became Empero r from AD 307 to AD 337 and he tolerated religion in the Roman Empire although he was not a Christian himself, he gave rights to the Christians. He did not taken into consideration that the new monotheistic religion was at odds with the pagan cults of the emperors.He also moved the capital to a new city Constantinople since he believed that Rome as a city was to far from the fundamental areas from a government level, this move was a bad one since it left the western empire vulnerable. The western empire was attacked by the Ostrogoths thru the eastern empire and the western Empire was attacked by the Goths, Franks, Visigoths and Burgundians. The Germanic Barbarians The Germans were exposed to the Roman world by border trade and serving as support to the Roman legions of the empire. The admittance of the barbarians in the army gave way for the complete â€Å"germanization† of the Roman army.The internal crisis of the Roman Empire makes the things worst and the barbarians realiz ed it and defeated the Romans in the battle of Adrianople in 378 where the Roman Empire fell. The Franks, Angles, and Saxons which are all German tribes have established their agricultural life, the other tribes like the Goths, Vandals, and Lombards were nomadic but compared to the Romans they were less advanced. Romulus Augustulus was the last Roman emperor in the west and was replaced by the leader of Goths, Odoacer in AD 476 which was also the end of the Roman Empire.

The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans

The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans Upon their return from the Vietnam War, many veterans were shocked upon the reaction (or lack thereof) displayed by the citizens of the States who had remained on the home front. When finally landing back on American soil, many veterans expected to be greeted with celebration and maybe even a parade, acknowledging their service and dedication to the Vietnam cause.However, veterans were instead greeted by protestors who did not agree with the United States’ participation in the war (ironically, not all veterans wholly supported the cause itself, but instead went out of respect and devotion to their country). In an article written by Vietnam veteran Bill Hunt, it is clear to see that not only were strangers hostile towards veterans, but even friends and family treated the returning soldiers with annoyance, anger, or at the best, apathy.He states that it felt like family members had not even known he was at war; they re acted to his return much like one would react to someone returning from the grocery store: with just a casual hello, disregarding the danger and the high level of devotion that had been experienced. Hunt’s family barely acknowledged that he had ever even gone to war. The experiences of Vietnam vets were simply viewed as a part of every-day life.The war was not even taken seriously by many people, and veterans (specifically Hunt) were appalled by the flippant and insensitive (though innocent and thoughtless) comments made by others, family included. To the vets, it had been a hellish experience, and many experienced Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and many became dependent on drugs and alcohol to get through the psychological after-effects of being involved in such stressful and torturous circumstances.However, appallingly, many were unable to get the help they needed. Medical aid was not made available to them right away, and a shocking percentage of Americans vie wed them as crazy and dangerous to society. Some even thought that the veterans deserved their psychological conditions. Suicide became increasingly common as many veterans experienced completely unfounded hatred and degradation. Part of this is due to the younger generation, which had begun the hippie movement.The ideas of â€Å"peace† and â€Å"love† were emphasized. Because of this, many returning veterans were greeted with shouts of â€Å"baby killer† and other completely untrue and offensive things. They were also given stereotypes of overarching drug use. Additionally, television was available to households for the first time. Because of this, there was no watering-down or censorship of the conditions of the Vietnam War. Many veterans were portrayed incorrectly and much confusion was experienced by the public due to mixed messages.Regardless of the cause, the fact remains that the Vietnam veterans are one of the most unjustly maligned groups of people in A merican history. The war was politically unpopular and many veterans were accused of a lack of dedication and â€Å"not fighting hard enough†. The disrespect that had been shown towards these veterans was and still is disgusting: regardless of whether or not one agrees with the cause, it is inexcusable that these veterans were not commended for their sacrifice. Comparison to The Return of a Private and Currently Returning Veterans The Return of a Private

The Cask of Amontillado Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Cask of Amontillado - Research Paper Example The story is about a love – hate relationship. In the story, the narrator is trying to portray the psychological complexities of these opposite emotion, emphasizing the way they enigmatically blend into each other. The story is about revenge, insult and death. Montresor loves himself and he cannot stand the insult by Fortunado; the self-love led Montresor to attempt murder. The death is ironic in the story as it is brought about by much desirable wine â€Å"Amontillado†. The wine enabled Montreso to entice Fortunado into death. Montreso persuades Fortunado into the dark recesses of the family catacombs and promises to offer a delicate wine. Here, the desire of wine led to the death of Fortunado.The title â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† of the story by Edgar Allan Poe has foreshadowing metaphor. The title of this grim story has an unusual ring to it. This is a strange title which we have not heard before. What does â€Å"Amontillado† literally mean? Actu ally, Amantillado is an alcoholic beverage something similar to Sherry. Only when people read the story they realize that it is a Spanish wine. Cask, by the way, is barrels in which wines are stored traditionally. Cask comes in many sizes. In the story, Montreso tells Fortunato, he has a â€Å"pipe of what passes for Amontillado†. In this context, â€Å"cask† also means â€Å"casket†. In the story, the Fortunado seeking a â€Å"cask of Amontillado† finds a â€Å"casket of death†.

Rabbit Proof Fence Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rabbit Proof Fence - Movie Review Example Further, orders were issued to eradicate forcibly half-caste children from their paternal and maternal families. It was a disastrous and dangerous racist policy that brought about the suffering and misery of what they called the stolen generation. In the movie Rabbit proof fence, the director Philip Noyce presents a perspective of what real happened to the half-caste children in Australia during the 20th century. In addition, via the movie, the director highlights the events that happened in order to overcome the disastrous racist law. For instance, having been removed forcibly from their mothers, the three women, Gracie, Sampi, and Sansbury escape from one of the detention center in Moore and goes on mission to look for their mothers. It is rational to argue that with the incredible journey ahead of the three women in the movie, they try to free themselves from the oppressive government policies. It is depicted in the film that they tried to identify their way out of the rabbit proof fence. I think this represents the unrelenting effort to fight for equality in society. In addition, the movie depicted how racism or racial profiling in 20th century Australia. It is evident that during this time, racism in Australian society looked like cancer in that it had no cure and it would have continued were it not for the effort of the three women to fight for justice. However, separation and exclusion is seen all around Australian aborigine children. It is clear that suspicion, fear, and ignorance parting away communities. At the same time, public figures, the media, and heads of states, who are the people supposed to fight and defend pluralist and inclusive societies, initiate attacks on multiculturalism. While this negative outlook may be so widely accepted challenging it seems to be a hard but important

Strategic Compensation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Compensation - Assignment Example Person-focused pay is advantageous since it controls costs and motivates employees’ productivity. Employees should be rewarded according to their productivity and not according to amount of their salaries. The factors that an employee need to have in order to be entitled for rewards are work output quality, work output quantity, work safety records, work attendance, and monthly sales. The company in the case study need to implement the following four types of employees’ incentive plans. Management rewards plan that awards managers when they exceed or meet the sales, production, or profit objectives. Piecework plans that reward employees for every unity produced. Behavioral incentive plan that award employees for accomplishing specific behavior such as safety records and good attendance. Person-focused pay plans will be of broad significant not only to the employees but also towards the organization’s productions.This is because the plans will motivate employees’ productivity as well as controlling costs that the company incurs (Gregory, 2009). Therefore, the management should not use the roles of Jane and the shift leader to determine whether they should be entitled for overtime but factors such as work output quality, work output quantity, work safety records, work attendance, and monthly sales. Job evaluation is defined as an objective and systematic process that organizations use to compared all jobs performed by employees to determine the worth or value of each job category. The focus of job evaluation is to evaluate the job and not the workers who undertake the job (Robinson, Wahlstrom & Mecham, 2004). The criteria used for job evaluation include factors like skills needed, education qualification, job responsibilities and working conditions. Moreover, there are four main methods that managers use to evaluate jobs in their organizations. Job ranking-This method of job evaluation involves ranking all jobs done in an organization in an order of

Diversity in the Workplace Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diversity in the Workplace - Coursework Example In addition to these groups of people, diversity also focuses on people belonging to other categories like, people having different educational background, different tenure with the company, different functional backgrounds and the resulting diversity from the mergers and acquisitions activity of organizations. Affirmative action is concerned with people who are experiencing issues related to discrimination based on color, ethnic groups, etc (Kravitz, 2008, p. 175). However, managing diversity is more related to the desire of the manager of a company to explore the potentials present in all the employees. Thus, affirmative action is only a means of attaining diversity in an organization through the implementation of various policies and diversity is a broader concept which is the end result of affirmative action. Answer 2: Cultural diversity in workforce mainly refers to the various types of people that work in an organization and can be differentiated on the basis of their race, gen der and ethnicity. In a culturally diverse workforce one can find people who have different cultural values (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2011, p. 253). According to Esty, Griffin & Hirsch (1995), they have suggested ten different dimensions of diversity which are thought to be the critical in a workplace. They are: 1) Sexual Orientation, 2) Class, 3) Ethnicity, 4) Age, 5) Race, 6) Hierarchy or Status, 7) Gender, 8) Religion, 9) Physical ability or disability, and 10) Family situation. Hence, people working in a workplace can be differentiated based on any of these cultural dimensions. Organizations having culturally diverse workforce are characterized of having people who have different cultural values and varies with respect to the dimensions mentioned above. Answer3: Managing a diverse workforce is not an easy task and is associated with many challenges to be faced by the leaders in an organization. Diversity management is not restricted to acknowledging the differences that exist be tween people working in an organization. It also involves the recognition of values associated with such differences between people, promoting inclusiveness and combating discrimination. The leaders of an organization managing a diverse workforce may also face the challenge of losing the personnel or reduction in work productivity because of discrimination, prejudice, legal actions and complaints against the organization. In addition to this, negative behaviors or attitudes can prove to be barriers for an organization because this can result in having a negative impact on the working relationships between the employees and reduce the work productivity and morale of the people. The negative behaviors or attitudes that have been referred here include stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination and it should not be utilized by the company management while performing activities like retention, hiring, and termination of employees. Answer4: Increasing diversity in the workforce of an org anization needs implementation of an effective diversification strategy. By following the four steps mentioned below it is possible to increase diversity in the companies. Step 1: Explaining diversity for the company: The first step is to define and explain what diversification implies to the company as a whole. It is an important step to initiate diversity because the term diversity carries different meaning for different people in the organization.

The Best Practices in Business Communication Essay

The Best Practices in Business Communication - Essay Example This statement shows that a person needs to be a good listener, as well as a good presenter both at the same time. While listening, a person should listen to the concerns and viewpoints of other people with full concentration in order to get a correct idea of the situation. Similarly, during talking, a person should be able to express his/her viewpoint logically and in an expressive way to convince others. If any of these two skills is missing in a person, the process of business communication is not likely to produce maximum benefits or results. Moreover, every person involved in the process of business communication needs to participate in the communication process in order to make the process effective and result-oriented. Freedom of Expression Freedom of expression is another effective business communication practice. Result-oriented business communication can never take place if each person involved in the process of communication is not given the due respect and time to express his/her viewpoint. Freedom in expressing the viewpoint is the key towards successful and result-oriented business communication. In a business communication setting, if a manager keeps distance with employees due to his/her position in the company, the employees will not be able to express their concerns to the manager properly which will definitely affect the productivity of the company. Therefore, it is necessary for managers, as well as for senior employees to show respect and courteousness to their subordinates in order to ensure success of the business communication processes. Value of Time Time is one of the most important factors of successful business communication. It is extremely important to make timely... This report stresses that principles of effective communication include giving sincere appreciation, communicating in a friendly manner, using appropriate body language, showing interest in knowing the viewpoint of each other, overcoming language, cultural, location, perpetual, and emotional barriers to communication, and getting communication feedback. Communication feedback is very important as it helps communication participants know the value of their participation, as well as the correctness of their viewpoints. Poor business communication and lack of communication feedback can lead to a wide range of issues, such as, unmotivated employees, frustrated customers, and a negative corporate culture. Every person involved in process of business communication should provide timely feedback to the inputs of each other. This paper makes a conclusion that business communication takes place in any workplace setting either between two or more individuals or between companies. Some benefits of doing effective business communication at the workplace include timely decision-making, improved level of understanding between employees, improved work relations, improved business processes, and improved unity between employees. Convenience, clarity, commitment, concentration, and freedom of expression are such communication practices that can make business communication processes successful. Along with these practices, there exist some key principles of communication that also play a vital role in making business communication processes effective and result-oriented.

Technology's Role in close friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology's Role in close friendship - Essay Example You would find his hobbies drastically different. He would rather spend his time in front of his computer or laptop using some social networking website like facebook or twitter or playing games virtually on his X-box or Wii or massively texting/chatting with â€Å"friends† through his latest texting device, iPhone, iPad or some similar gadget. (Rath, 2006). What is the most noticeable difference between a teenager of 10 years ago and a teenager of today? Anybody would notice the infiltration of technology in their everyday lives. However, what we fail to notice is its actual impact, which is the continuous lessening of personal contact. (Anderson & Taylor, 2010). As the number of â€Å"friends† on facebook increases, the number of â€Å"real† friends diminishes. This is why the average number of close friends an American has is decreasing drastically. (Henslin, 2010). And this is not the case just in America. As the world becomes more and more obsessed with acqu iring the latest technology, people everywhere in the world are gradually losing the â€Å"human† touch and are very happily adopting a robotic lifestyle. (Chall, 2004). What we fail to understand here is that human beings are social animals. In order to function properly psychologically, they need continuous interpersonal communication to feel alive. (Macionis & Plummer, 2008).

Japan Airlines Flight 123 Essay Example for Free

Japan Airlines Flight 123 Essay August 12, 1985- Japan Airlines flight 123 left Tokyo, Japan at around 6:10 in the evening, fourteen minutes later at an altitude of twenty four thousand feet, and three hundred knots, an explosion, oscillations, and cabin decompressions was heard and captured on the plane’s on board recorder. The captain on duty was seated at the right side of the plane and his co-pilot, who was at that time training for promotion to be a captain, was sitting on the left seat. A few moments later, the captain signals an SOS on the transponder and suggests that the flight return to Tokyo. The airplane went down to twenty two thousand feet and went on doing violent movements; the plane, for about two minutes was doing a Phugoid, or longitudinal motion and rolls. The captain and his co-pilot were helpless and had no means in controlling the airplane’s heading through the usual flight control inputs. Their only way of limited control is done through thrust differentials. The plane was able to maintain an altitude of twenty two thousand feet and two hundred and fifty knots for an approximate duration of twenty minutes. At around 6:39 in the evening, the main landing gear was deployed which caused the erratic movements of the plane to intensify. The plane then did a controlled turn to the left while descending to eight thousand feet. Erratic movement of the plane meanwhile, continue. At 6:47 PM, the plane was in a mountainous area, the plane increased power, and they were at five thousand and three hundred feet. The flaps of the plane were extended at 6:51 PM that caused the roll angle of the plane to be sixty degrees, the crew starts to move the flaps and increase thrust. The plane was at ten thousand feet when it began a nose dive at a very fast eighteen thousand feet per minute. The crew countered this by lifting the nose. 6:56 PM – the airplane crashed at the mountains on an altitude of five thousand feet and three hundred and forty knots. Roughly forty six minutes since take-off and thirty two minutes since the decompression. Boeing, as owners of the plane, are somehow responsible for the crash but definitely they are not the only ones to blame and do not deserve to be blamed in entirety. Part of the responsibility lies with Japan Airlines who maintains the plane. In fairness to Boeing, they have provided specific repair instructions to the plane that was not followed by those who were responsible for the repairs. The plane had previously suffered damage to the bulkhead in 1978 but was not repaired properly. As stated in the report, â€Å"The initiation and propagation of the fatigue cracks are attributed to the improper repairs of the bulkhead, conducted in 1978, and since the fatigue cracks were not found in the later maintenance inspection, this contributed to the accident. † (Aviation Safety Network, 2008). Boeing did its part by providing proper instructions but their failure to see to it that they were carried out properly contributed to the crash which makes them partly guilty of neglect. There was confusion on the rescue operation, A US owned helicopter was the first at the scene, about twenty minutes after impact. The US chopper in turn, informed Yokota Air Base and offered backup. But the US helicopter was ordered to return to base because Japanese forces were to handle the mission. Poor visibility at the crash site prompted the Japanese team to report that there were no survivors and made it impossible to land. Thinking that there were no survivors the rest of the rescue team waited till the next morning to check out the site. But there were survivors, reports show that injuries on the bodies found imply that they survived the crash but were not given immediate medical attention which caused their deaths. If the helicopter pilot hadn’t reported abruptly that there were no survivors, there could have been. References Aviation Safety Network. (2007). Applying Lessons learned from Accidents. from: http://aviation-safety. net/database/record. php? id=19850812-1 Air Disaster. com (n. d). Special Report: Japan Airlines 123. from: http://www. airdisaster. com/special/special-jal123. shtml Jackson, H. (1985). 524 Killed in worst single air disaster. from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/fromthearchive/story/0,,1017027,00. html

Fair Value Accounting Essay Example for Free

Fair Value Accounting Essay This paper attempts to answer the question: â€Å"Is it reasonable to blame fair value accounting for any of the Wall Street mess? † This paper in effect settle whether the use of fair value accounting by listed companies in the major stock exchanges in the US, particularly those found in Wall Street, which the caused fall in prices of the stocks of these companies, was required of companies without justification; hence, it should be blamed for the mess. 2. Analysis and Discussion Any mess in the Wall Street is defined for this paper as one causing the stock prices of companies list in major stock exchanges of the US to fall and that it resulted to losses to investors. To have reasonable basis to blame fair value accounting for any Wall Street mess, does not simply mean that fair value accounting was the necessary cause of fall in the prices of corporate stocks but that the requirement of fair value accounting must not be fair. The question that must be decided therefore is whether fair value accounting is fair as basis of valuing corporate assets, liabilities and equity. A situation or condition is fair if it gives what is due to a person. If the concept of fair value is used in the context of an asset purchased or liability assumed in business, fair value implies that said asset or liability must neither be overpriced nor underpriced whether perceived or otherwise. The law of economics would have fair value as one representing that market price or that equilibrium price of a product or service (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 1992) which is also the value of something from a seller that is not forced to sell or from a buyer that is not forced to buy. Investors, creditors, and other persons expect to be treated fairly as they enter into transactions in terms of value that they will give in exchange to what they will receive. To illustrate, a person or company planning to invest in stocks will appreciate what is fair if the said person or company will earn sufficient return above cost of capital in exchange for the risks being faced by such person or company (Brigham, 2002). To have what is fair, the investors must know the accurate and reliable information about of the company to guide them about their chances of gaining or losing money. These users deserve to have the opportunity to have the true or accurate value of asset, liability or equity being dealt with in a business transaction as basis for valuing the stocks that they will invest with. Financial reports prepared companies, as guided by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) accounting standard under fair value accounting, will provide these users the opportunity. Specifically, fair value accounting was made pursuant to FAS 157 as issued by US FASB for companies to reflect the accounting information on the real values of assets, liabilities and equity in the balance sheet as contrasted with presenting the information using the historical cost accounting (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). A group of analysts and portfolio managers actually formed part of those who influenced the passage of the fair value accounting for more relevant information in decision making (Chasan, 2008). Under FAS 157 defines fair value is defined as the price that would be received â€Å"to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in a measurement date† (Sortur, 2007). If companies have restated their financial statements from historical cost accounting to fair value accounting, the purpose was laudable since in simple terms, the intention is to make the information more relevant, more accurate and more reliable for decision makers. If stockholders got affected in terms of lower price of stocks as a result of restatement of financial statements, the error was when they were made the purchase of their investments under the historical cost accounting. Since fair value accounting may also increase the value of the stocks if fair value is higher than cost, it could not be asserted that it should be blamed for the fall of prices but not praised for increased in price increase of stock prices. 3. Conclusion It can be concluded that it is not reasonable to blame fair value accounting for any of the Wall Street mess since fair value accounting is only bringing out what is fair to investors who deserved to know accurate and reliable information for making decisions. Fair value accounting is an accounting standard made by FASB that was made as a requirement from the corporation which must present truthful and reliable information for investors. As an alternative to historical value of accounting, fair value is expected to have present company more reliable information about their assets and liabilities in accordance with market prices. Its implementation may have caused companies to present their financial information and if the information presented were more truthful, the consequence of causing problems to companies should only be secondary to the purpose of providing objective and more reliable financial information. Any fall in stock prices from Wall Street may in fact have been caused by companies having to restate their financial statement pursuant to fair value accounting but the intention was to reflect to truer value of assets and liabilities of the corporations whose stocks got affected. Losers should not blame fair value accounting since the latter is just a guide to have more truthful information and they would have a change also of higher stock prices under fair value if warranted by market forces. If there was no basis for such more truthful information, then restatements of financial information using fair value would not have been made in the first place. If buyers and sellers are not being compelled to complete their transaction, fair value accounting must be held as fair and cannot be blamed for the mess. In fact, fair value accounting should have been introduced years ago for it could have saved some abuse and a lot of problems (Rees-Mogg, 2007). References: Brigham and Houston (2002), Introduction to Financial Management, Thomson-South Western, USA, 2002 Chasan, Emily (2008), Is fair value accounting really fair? {www document} URL, http://www. reuters. com/article/reutersEdge/idUSN1546484120080226, Accessed November 21, 2008 Meigs and Meigs (1995), Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill, Inc, London, UK Rees-Mogg (2007), Why FAS 157 strikes dread into bankers, {www document} URL http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/comment/columnists/william_rees_mogg/article2852547. ece, Accessed November 21, 2008. Samuelson and Nordhaus (1992), Economics, McGraw-Hill, Inc, London, UK Sortur (2007) Fair Value Measurement, The Chartered Accountant {www document} URL, http://icai. org/resource_file/96471564-1574. pdf, Accessed November 21, 2008

The Dutch Disease: Lessons from Norway

The Dutch Disease: Lessons from Norway Methodology This research has exploratory and its empirical object is the Dutch Disease healing process by other countries and through this information offer solutions for Nigeria. The methodology used is the case study and development analysis of the strategies used by other countries for the neutralization of the Dutch Disease. The study consists in a research approach method which is characterized by describing the case of an event and its implications. There are several types of case studies, but here is one exploratory case study in order to create a better conceptual definition and understanding of the cure of Dutch Disease. A literature search was performed from a review, using secondary data analysis. Studies on secondary sources involve bibliographic books and research already done on the subject under study. We selected some expert authors on the subject related to this step. We chose to work with significant authors on the subject for further study each of them. This analysis was organized into three chronological poles, as advocated by Bardin (2004): pre-analysis, material exploration and treatment of results, inference and interpretation. The first phase is characterized as the organizational phase and has three missions: the choice of documents to be submitted to analysis, the formulation of hypotheses and objectives and the development of indicators to substantiate the final interpretation. (Bardin, 2004 p.89). Finally, it was done the treatment and interpretation of the results obtained, in which the raw results are treated in order to be meaningful and valid. (Bardin, 2004, p.95). Thus found significant results that indicate how to neutralize the Dutch in Nigeria, as proposed for the work. Bardin (2004) points out, however, that the results obtained may have a different outcome to the goal initially presented, serving as a basis for further analysis arranged around new theoretical dimensions, or practiced thanks to different techniques. Finally, a conclusion is made about the Dutch Disease by the authors of this work, assessing all the information collected and selected. Norway Norway for decades was the poorest country of the Scandinavian region. However, in the recent economic history the country has been distinguished from the others presenting higher GDP growth compared to the rest of Europe and other developed countries such as United States, as presented in the graph below. This turn of events is conventionally attributed to Norway’s oil discovery in 1969 and subsequent extraction from 1971. In 2012, the petroleum sector represented more than 23 per cent of the country’s total value creation. The revenues from the petroleum sector constitute 30 percent of the state revenues. Today Norway is the 7th largest exporter of oil and the 3rd largest producer of gas in the world. With per capita GDP around $100,000, the Norwegian lifestyle has become such that the work week averages less than 33 hours, one of the lowest in the world, and while unemployment is low, there is large underemployment, made possible by benefits. GDP Growth Source: OECD (2015) However, it is insufficient in explaining the Norwegian economic growth pointing to oil revenues as it was previously explained in detail about the negative relationship between resource wealth and wealth caused by the economic illness of Dutch Disease. In fact, Norway have managed successfully its oil wealth and avoided falling into trap of natural curse. Larsen (2004) explains the change in the speed of growth in the decade after starting the exploration of oil was consistent with symptoms of Dutch Disease, however, continued growing over the two subsequent decades. This is an evidence of an escape from Resource Curse; thus, Norway did not experience retardation from mid-70s to mid-90s. Mehlum, Moene and Torvik (2006) pointed to Norway and other few countries as the only ones that were able to counteract the resource curse and the rent-seeking activities that are usually associated with it. Fosu (2012, pg. 45) argued that Norway escaped from Dutch Disease for several reasons: Norway has a history of natural resource management and integration with other industries through various linkages; The institutions already were developed to handle shocks to the economy such as large changes in terms of trades; The revenues from oil extraction were gradually separated from spending these rents by establishing a buffer fund that helped to stabilize the economy; According these rents from oil exportation became more significant, the buffer fund became larger and a new fiscal policy was implemented in 2001; This fund invested abroad and the returns are used to finance public expenditure with less deadweight loss. In 1996 the Norwegian government signed the Petroleum Act which constitutes the legal basis for the regulation of petroleum sector. In principle, it stated the rent from oil and gas belongs to the Norwegian people through their government. Gylfason (2001) describes that as the Norwegian government has high interest in controlling the oil sector, has decided to expropriate the oil and gas rent through taxes and fees. The State awards a small fee to domestic and foreign oil companies and receives roughly 40 percent of all produced through direct partnership with licensees, taxes and fees that corresponded to about 80 of the resource rent since 1980. Bresser-Pereira (2008) in its paper about a Ricardian approach of Dutch Disease describes that the severity of the natural curse varies according to the difference between the exchange rate equilibrium of the â€Å"market rate† and the â€Å"industrial rate†. The author points to the management of exchange rate through export tax on the commodities as the principal instrument for neutralization of Dutch Disease. Furthermore, the author argues that the resources from tax created to neutralize the natural curse should not be invested in the country but in international fund; therefore, the inflow of resources does not entail the revaluation of the local currency. Bresser-Pereira (2008) explains that Norway by imposing a tax on commodities adjusted the exchange rate equilibrium bringing it to the same level of tradable sector exchange rate equilibrium; thus, neutralizing the Dutch Disease. Moreover, the new â€Å"adjusted† exchange rate will be more beneficial than the previous one; thus, the country will have a structural current account surplus. Gylfason (2001) also describes the oil revenues are deposited in the Norwegian Petroleum Fund allowed to invest only in foreign securities for the benefit of the current and future Norwegians generations. Only the real rate return of these assets is transferred to the annual State budget, according to the fiscal guideline, the government deficit cannot exceed 4 percent of the assets. This is also important to shield the domestic economy from mismanagement, waste and overinvestment. Larsen (2004) defines this shield important because protects the economy from excessive demand and real appreciation when at full capacity, therefore, reduce loss of competitiveness. It is also beneficial when it is not at full capacity to allow some increases in aggregate demand. Fosu (2012) described the two functions of this fund. The first is to secure that oil windfall is not consumed, but converted into financial wealth. The second is to separate these revenues from the domestic spending that would not vary according to the oil price fluctuation (fiscal policy). The idea is to have a stable spending of the oil revenues without interfere in the industry sector structure. Additionally, it helps to shield the non-oil economy from shocks in the oil sector, which can put pressure on the exchange rate. Brahmbhatt, Canuto, and Vostroknutova (2010) discuss solutions for solving the natural resource issue. They argue that fiscal policy is the most important instrument because can make the increase in wealth permanent as the same time as it can constrain the spending effect to reduce volatility. Spending policies toward tradable sector (including imports) and general policies toward improving productivity of private firms help to reduce the negative impacts. Additionally, the government can encourage demand for imports to reduce demand pressure on the non-tradable sector while mitigates pressure on exchange rate appreciation and other adverse effects of natural resource windfall. In the case of Norway we can see in graph below the country has stimulated improvements in the manufacturing sector that has increased its participation in the economy by 5% of GDP while the energy sector has fallen about 10 percent and non-tradable sector remained stable. We can infer that has an effort from the government to push the manufacturing sector through investment in education, business regulations, or reducing trade barriers and bureaucracy. Brahmbhatt et al. (2010) describes that these reforms have the aim of promoting foreign direct investment and create conditions for learning by doing. The exchange rate is impacted by the size of the non-oil budget deficit, or spending revenues as illustrated by Aamodt (2014). In short term oil and gas companies purchases NOK and the Norges Bank’s exchange transactions have influence on the krone exchange rate. Conversely, in long term is the size of non-oil deficit that affects the Norway’s exchange rate. The revenues from oil do not have an impact by the fact that all government revenues from oil are accrued directly in foreign currency. But the government appreciates NOK when sells foreign currency to buy NOK in an amount equivalent to the budget deficit. In other words the breakdown of the government’s net cash flow from oil sector into foreign exchange revenues resulting from oil and gas companies has no influence on the krone exchange rate. With the Petroleum Fund the government isolates the effects of oil shocks and the oil price fluctuations on Norwegian economy because the entry of money into the economy is controlled and planned according to the need of the country. The State can make long term plan regarded to its domestic spending and; consequently; maintain the krone exchange rate and inflation stable even when the oil demand decreases. Other factors were important to neutralize the resource curse in Norway as stated by Gylfason (2001). The author explains that Norway has a centralized wage formation system to limit general wage increases at the magnitude of productivity increases in manufacturing sector. This is possible because the trade unions are large coalitions of employers and employees that are able to consider aggregate interests instead of special ones. Additionally, both parts use a neutral agency to compute productivity increases in the manufacturing sector, institutionalize this information as ceilings of general wage increases. Therefore; the country’s centralized wage negotiation system contributes to prevent fast appreciation of salaries in different sectors. Larsen (2004) argues that income coordination is important as the public sector limited wage increases to the productivity growth in the internationally competing industrial sector. In other words, this income coordination neutralized the impact of externality in the manufacturing sector avoiding high inequalities between tradable sector and resource sector. This is an important factor for the neutralization of Dutch Disease as reduces the labor shift between the two sectors. The graph below shows the wage evolution in Norway since 2002 in which we can see that gap between oil sector and the others never exceeded 2 per cent in this period. Institutional quality is considered by Mehlum et al. (2006) as an important element to reduce the effects of Dutch Disease as natural resource abundance stimulates the shift from production rent-seeking to the activities related to resource extraction. The authors associate the lack of natural curse with the existence of efficient, bureaucratic and transparent government. They presented a model in which shows the negative effect of resource abundance on growth vanishes in countries with high institutional quality like Norway. The quality of institutions is also related to the corruption perception index as a measure of rent-seeking. Gylfason (2001) found a relation between natural resources wealth and increase in corruption and; consequently; decrease the per capita growth. In Norway’s case, the author showed that since oil was discovered, the corruption has declined and country’s GDP growth was stable during the last three decades. The graphs below shows Norway keeps a high level of freedom of corruption placed between 10 less corrupted countries of the world while economic growth spurted since the oil descovery, especially after 2000. Finally, the public expenditure on education in Norway did not decrease after oil descovery. According to OECD, Norway has an incredible 100% literacy rate and is third country which invests more in education, what proves the government decisions are not oriented to favor natural resource extraction instead of other tradable goods production. Gylfason (2000, p. 4) in its studies about the correlation between natural resources, education and economic development showed that countries with natural resources wealth invest less in education and; consequently; has a poor economic performance. Nevertheless, the author mentions that Norway is one of the few exceptions: â€Å"The Norwegians show no signs of neglecting education, on the contrary, as the proportion of each cohort attending colleges and universities in Norway rose from 26 percent in 1980 to 62% in 1997†.

A Comparison Of Two Poems About Soldiers Leaving Britain To Fight In T :: essays research papers

The two poems I am comparing are "Joining The Colours" by Katherine Tynan and "The Send Off" by Wilfred Owen. " Joining The Colours" is about a regiment of soldiers leaving Dublin in August 1914 to go to France to fight. This was at the beginning of the First World War and all the soldiers were happy because it was an opportunity for them to show their girlfriends and their families that they were brave. "The Send Off" is about a regiment of young soldiers who are departing later in the war. This poem was written a few years after "Joining The Colours". The mood of each occasion is different because "Joining The Colours" was written when the soldiers and their relative's thought that the war would be over by Christmas but instead it finished much later on and millions of soldiers got killed. The mood in "The Send Off" is totally different because the soldiers were already afraid. They knew how dangerous the war was because of what so many people had experienced since "Joining The Colours" was written in 1914. There was no celebration for them because most of the people knew what was going to happen. The structure and the style of each poem varies in different ways. "Joining The Colours" is more positive. The structure of this poem is simple. Even though there are some words which convey an image that war is bad, most of the style of writing is positive and even happy. "The Send Off" is a more serious and frightening poem. The style of writing throughout the poem is sad and conveys an image that war is completely bad. The structure of this poem is more complicated than "Joining The Colours". This is because the poet is trying to convince the reader that war is the most terrible thing that ever happened.In "Joining The Colours" the soldiers seem happy as they march to war. In stanza 1 for example "There they go marching all in step so gay". This quotation shows how they enjoy marching, all together. Their attitude towards war is very carefree. They look almost as though they are "going to a wedding day". In stanza 2 the soldiers "are singing like the lark". In stanza 3 they make noises with "whistles, mouth-organs". The soldiers are carefree because they are brave. They don't understand how dangerous war is because they are too young.

Suicide as Escape from Reality Essay -- Suicide, Social Problems

Suicide has been an ongoing problem among all types of people globally for decades. Throughout the years, the trends of suicide have continued to increase. Although this trend of suicide has many causes and can be difficult to know what the exact source is, the number one cause of suicides is untreated depression which may result from a mental health problem, personal life issues, or even genetic and family history. According to Befrienders, suicide rates have increased 60% over the past 45 years. Suicide rates can be divided among many different categories such as race, religion, gender, and age. Although 55% of suicides occur between the ages of 15 and 44 years and 45% of suicides are over 45 years, the greatest increasing rate is in youth suicides (Befrienders). According to the Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, it has been reported that suicide is the eleventh leading cause of death in American and the third leading cause of death for people 15 to 24 years. Also, males are more likely to commit suicide than females. Rates differ among different races; they appear to be increasing in native and indigenous populations like the Native Americans in the US and Alaska, and the Aborigines in Australia and New Zealand (Befrienders). Suicide rates are also diverse among many religions. In Muslim countries, like Kuwait, where committing suicide is strictly forbidden, the total suicide rate is close to zero. In Hindu countries, like India, and Christian countries, such as Italy, the total suicide rate is around 10 per 100,000 people. In Buddhist countries, for example Japan, the total suicide rate is much higher at 17.9 per 100,000 people. Lastly, at 25.6, the total suicide rate is highest in Atheist countries, like... ...can all work hand in hand towards creating an inner monster convincing you suicide is the only way out. Suicide is not strictly prominent for just one type of person; it is a serious problem among all races, genders, ages and religions. It is important to assess those individuals that may display any warning signs in a cautious manner so they don’t feel as though suicide is their only escape from reality. Works Cited Bertolote, Jose M., and Alexandra Fleischmann. "Global Perspective in the Epidemiology of Suicide." 6-8. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. Caruso, Kevin. "Suicide Causes." Suicide.org. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. Mayo Clinic. "Suicide and Suicidal Thoughts: Causes - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. "Suicide - Causes." NHS Choices - Your Health, Your Choices. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. "Suicide Statistics." Befrienders Worldwide. Web. 02 Dec. 2011.

Karen van der Zee’s book “A Secret Sorrow” Essay

The last two chapters of Karen van der Zees book, A Secret Sorrow, are very eventful. Chapter Eleven begins with Faye, one of the main characters, horrified by the question her boyfriend has just asked her. Kai, Faye?s boyfriend, has found a slip of paper that has slipped out of Faye?s wallet the previous Saturday morning. The slip of paper is from Doctor Martin recommending her to a psychiatrist by the name of Doctor Jaworski. Earlier in the book, Faye had a car accident that left her infertile, this is why she has seen the Doctor Martin. Her boyfriend Kai has no idea she is infertile. Faye doesnt want to tell him because she knows he looks forward to having children and she thinks he might not want her anymore. He is asking her about the referral slip given to here by Doctor Martin to see a psychiatrist. She is so terrified when he asks her about the slip that she collapses and bursts into tears. She finally tells him about her infertility. She is so overwhelmed by telling him she runs out and takes his car to her brother house. Karen van der Zees excerpt has many important aspects which keeps the reader involved in the story. One important aspect of the first few lines of the story is how the reader discovers the seriousness of the conflict. The narrator explains that Faye could feel the blood drain from her face and how the room tilted and swirled which signifies the seriousness of the dialogue. This leads the reader to realize that Faye is in an extremely emotional state of mind and that the conflict between the couple is very serious. Panic in the introduction seems to be the element that grabs the reader?s attention until they become involved in the story. Another important aspect of the story is the way the narrator explains the physical contact between Faye and Kai. The narrator is very important because it brings out the romance in the story and gives the reader the loving feeling. The narrator draws a mental picture for the reader by explaining Kai holding Faye with his hands that are warm and strong on her back and tears silently running down Fayes cheeks. This gives the reader that sort of romantic feeling which is appealing. The most important aspect of the story is the end. It is typical for most  romantic stories to have one of the main characters find the other and confess their love. This romantic story has a different approach. Kai walks to Fayes brother house and sits down beside her on the bed and tells her that she is his ?first and only choice?. He tells her that he loves her no matter what and they can always adopt children. Chapter Twelve, the final chapter, comes to a close with Kai and Faye sitting on the front porch of their home watching there adopted children. As they watch them Kai kisses Faye and says, Theyre true originals, like their mother. I wouldnt want it any other way.? In conclusion, the exerpt from the book A Secret Sorrow by Karen van der contains all of the fine elements of popular literature. Many people have trouble reading stories that are written in dialogue but this story can be easily read.

Gideon’s Trumpet Book Report

Gideon’s Trumpet, a well-known book in the field of law was written by Anthony Lewis in 1964 and the book presents us with the true account of a man by the name of Clarence Earl Gideon, a semiliterate transient who is put in prison for breaking and entering and minor stealing. In the book we find a detailed account of the story of a man that managed to become a constitutional landmark. The book is set in the 1960’s in the beautiful state of Florida. The scenery is always in a courtroom or Gideon’s Jail cell. The setting is set in a time period where there civil unrests existed in equality. The book presents to the reader the story of Clarence Earl Gideon who was a petty thief previously. He conserved his documentation by applying for the slotting of a lawyer for him, and he filed an opportune appeal for doing so to the United States Supreme Court. As luck would have it, even though the Florida courts deprived him of legal representation, the judges appointed Abe Fortas, to dispute his grounds. His triumph, ceaselessly setting up the right of the underprivileged to advocate in criminal act cases in America, was one of the milestone cases of the Warren Court. The book, Gideon’s Trumpet has been penned down by the author in order to call to mind the old times behind the Gideon v. Wainwright court case and the ways in which it made such an everlasting impact on the laws of the United States. This exceptional book scrutinizes the case Gideon v. Wainwright, the milestone 1963 Supreme Court case which detained that impoverished criminal defendants are unconstrained to legal advocates at the expense of the government. Gideon’s Trumpet is an articulate and edifying book which provides the reader with at the imperative tale which has never before occurred in the United States legal system. The book is recited with an adequate amount of side comments on the subject of the legal procedure and communal framework and it also proposes an extensive viewpoint of the ordinary people at the legal system. On August 4, 1961, in the Circuit Court of the 14th Judicial Circuit of Florida, Mr. Gideon was tried and convicted by Judge Robert L McCrary, Jr. During this trial, Mr. Gideon didn’t have a counsel and was accused with burglary for breaking into a pool house in Panama City. Evidence, such as wine and loose change was found on Mr. Gideon. During this trial, Gideon actively seeked a counsel and asked the court on numerous occasions to provide him with a counsel. With each request, the court denied him the right to counsel. Thus, the case was extremely bias. Mr. Gideon had to represent himself against a state prosecutor. Gideon failed to understand the proper procedures in a law case and certain attorney techniques such as questioning the jury for bias opinions and asking relevant questions that lead to a point. Mr. Gideon simply asked questions that didn’t contain any lead and was shut down by the prosecutor. With the most unfavorable conditions, Clarence Earl Gideon was convicted and sentenced to five miserable years in prison. After a short time in jail, Gideon used the sources that were closest to him such as the prison library. Gideon checked out multiple books on law and studied his case. He then sent a petition to the Supreme Court of the United States to appeal the case. Mr. Gideon claimed that his 6th and thus 14 amendment rights have been clearly violated. His appeal went through the proper process and became approved. His efforts and his case caught the eye of case reviewers and thus his petition didn’t just go in the regular pile that went nowhere. The main character in the book is Clarence Earl Gideon. Despite the speculations, Gideon was not a black male but rather a white male with white hair. Gideon was born August 30th, 1910 in Hannibal Missouri. With the age of fifty-one, Gideon had a wrinkled and prematurely aged face. Mr. Gideon had a frail body with a voice and hands that trembled. Mr. Gideon survived off gambling and occasional thefts. Mr. Gideon would often find himself on the wrong side of the law. Gideon’s family had little education. Mr. Gideon ran away from his life of misery at the age of fourteen and ran away to California. From there, his life became the living definition of turmoil and Gideon would find himself in and out of jail. He was sentenced in a juvenile court in Ralls County Missouri for stealing clothes from a country store. In the later part of 1934, Mr. Gideon worked in a shoe factory because that was his skill. Within a short time, he was sentenced for stealing government property to wit a armory. While he was in jail, Gideon sent money back home to his folks. In 1937 through 1940, Gideon remained in jail until he escaped. In 1943, Mr. Gideon escaped prison another time. In 1944, Mr. Gideon was arrested again, this time for falsifying records while he was trying to work in a shoe company. In October 1955, he married his current wife named Ruth Ada Babineaux. Clarence accepted Ruth’s children, paying 8 eighty dollars to take custody of Ruth’s children. In 1956 Clarence received his 1st official son and in 1957 came the second son. Clarence understood the necessity of religion and infused religion on his household by sending the children to class fully prepared. There were other characters in the book. Abe Fortas was the defense attorney who represented Mr. Gideon. Fortas had just turned fifty-two years of age when he was assigned to Gideon’s case. Being born on June 19, 1910 to a modest family, Fortas loved living the grand life of being a lawyer graduating from Yale. Mr. Fortas flies around the world giving lectures and workshops. Fortas really had an interest for law on the philosophical aspects of law, such as what is really right. Fortas was a small man but with very powerful voice. His speech was very low and quail but had a great sense of intellectuality behind it. Justice Jackson was not a strong supporter of the judicial review. He wrote a statement in 1954 referring to the real strength of the Court. Justice Jackson wrote â€Å"The real strength of the position of the Court is probably in its indispensability to government under a written Constitution. It is difficult to see how the provisions of a one-hundred-and-fifty-year-old written document can have much vitality if there is not some permanent institution to translate them into current commands. Two other important characters in the book were Justices Black and Frankfurter. Chapter 6 provides an excellent review of methods of judicial, particularly those employed by Justices Black and Frankfurter. Lewis’s objective in this chapter is to provide the reader with some idea of the difficulty that a justice faces each time he is forced to decide a case. Gideon had lodged his complaint as if there wa s no precedent in the area of right to counsel. Gideon had made no reference to Betts, but the Court could certainly not ignore the presence of Betts in making its decision. At the crux of the issue which Lewis raises in this chapter is judicial review. The principle of judicial review has been accepted; however, the method about which method of judicial review should be used is still very much in question. As previously stated, Justice Frankfurter supposedly employed the judicial self-restraintist mode of judicial review. According to this model, the Court is to defer to the legislature and the states in its decision-making. Frankfurter expressed â€Å"apprehensiveness† about the Court interjecting its wisdom over that of the popularly elected legislature. In a stark contrast to Frankfurter, Justice Black’s method of interpretation held the Constitution’s provisions as â€Å"absolute† truths inviolable by the legislature. From this view, Justice Black did not have trouble overturning an act of the legislature that ran afoul of a Constitutional provision. However, as Lewis describes, the differing modes of interpretation employed by Frankfurter and Black are not always logically consistent. Frankfurter did not show deference in striking down the constitutionality of wiretapping and the provision of public funds to parochial schools. Justice Black did not act to strike down such actions as unconstitutional. As Abe Fortas began formulating his argument for the Court, he realized that for a justice like Frankfurter overturning the precedent of Betts would not be a simple task. As a judicial self-restraintist, Frankfurter usually held that the Court’s opinions were to be made under the guise of stare decisis, which means to stand by a decision. However, Frankfurter was not absolute in conforming to precedent. For instance, he voted to overturn the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine proscribed in Plessy v. Ferguson in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. For the reasons previously stated, Fortas felt that he would not face similar difficulties in convincing Justice Black to join his argument. Beyond precedent, the issue of federalism also presented a difficulty in Gideon’s case. Federalism has been an issue of utmost importance for the Court ever since its momentous decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland, in which the Court held that the federal government’s power to create a bank was superior to the states’. Relevant to Gideon’s claim was Frankfurter’s belief that the federal government should not impose upon the states to protect individual liberties. Justice Black had little of the same resistance. At the crux of the considerations Fortas was making in regard to the views of Justices Black and Frankfurter was the issue of incorporation. The biggest problem in the book was simply the fact that there was a great injustice done to Clarence Earl Gideon. During the initial trial, Mr. Gideon didn’t have a counsel and was accused with burglary for breaking into a pool house in Panama City. Evidence, such as wine and loose change was found on Mr. Gideon. During this trial, Gideon actively seeked a counsel and asked the court on numerous occasions to provide him with a counsel. With each request, the court denied him the right to counsel. Thus, the case was extremely bias. Mr. Gideon had to represent himself against a state prosecutor. Gideon failed to understand the proper procedures in a law case and certain attorney techniques such as questioning the jury for bias opinions and asking relevant questions that lead to a point. Mr. Gideon simply asked questions that didn’t contain any lead and was shut down by the prosecutor. With the most unfavorable conditions, Clarence Earl Gideon was convicted and sentenced to five miserable years in prison. Gideon felt that there would have been a better chance of him not being convicted if only he had a proper attorney. Gideon also believes that because he is poor, he should really have the right to be appointed a proper counsel. Therefore, Mr. Gideon sends in the petition in order to solve his conflict by having an appeal and have a retrial. In this retrial, Gideon hopes that justice will be served because he didn’t commit that crime. One of the most important events in the book was the landmark case Betts v. Brady. Betts v. Brady was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that denied counsel to indigent defendants when prosecuted by a state. It was overruled by Gideon v. Wainwright. In its decision in Johnson v. Zerbst, the Supreme Court had held that defendants in federal courts had a right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment. In Powell v. Alabama, the Court had held that state defendants in capital cases were entitled to counsel, even when they could not afford it; however, the right to an attorney in trials in the states was not yet obligatory in all cases as it was in federal courts under Johnson v. Zerbst. In Betts v. Brady, Betts was indicted for robbery and upon his request for counsel, the trial judge refused, forcing Betts to represent himself. He was convicted of robbery, a conviction he eventually appealed to the Supreme Court on the basis that he was being held unlawfully because he had been denied counsel. At the end of the book, Clarence Gideon was granted a new trial. This time when he appeared for trial in the Circuit Court of Bay County, Florida, Gideon had a lawyer, and the lawyer made a difference. The jury acquitted Gideon in his retrial showing, in just one person’s case, what we know to be true: The right to counsel has profound meaning in the lives of those who are accused. Gideon’s Trumpet was a great book; it had a lot of factual information that was useful in the class. The book was on the subject of law, which I enjoy dearly so it was interesting. After reading this book I obtained a great deal of knowledge on such a landmark case that helped establish a position on such a on going debate.

Compare a picture and a phograph

What is similar and what is different about paintings and photographs? Write an essay for your teacher, in which you compare and contrast paintings and photographs. Be sure to write about your ideas in detail. Paintings and photographs share many similarities, but they are also different. I'm sure that Anne Geodes, the famous photographer of babies, may have a completely different view of her subjects than Leonardo ad Vulcan had of Mona Lisa.Still, both ways of producing pictures can have Incredible results. Photographs and paintings are alike In many ways. First of all, both amateurs and professionals can make them. Professional photographers often create breathtaking images, and collectors will pay a high price to display such works in their homes. On the other hand, an amateur with a camera can simply point and click. Before you know it, the person fills photo album after photo album with exciting shots of family and friends.Similarly, a famous painter may spend years developing h is or her unique style and finally become famous. Even though most amateurs will never be famous, they still can have fun with oils or watercolors. They will enjoy expressing themselves and giving their paintings away as gifts. It Is wonderful that both forms of art can be enjoyed by many people. Also, both photographers and painters can fix mistakes. Photographers Copyright C) Houghton Mellon Company. All rights reserved. Can change images by airbrushing and by the way they develop film.For example, photographs of fashion models are sometimes airbrushed to make the models look flawless. A photographer can also develop a photo to look shadowy or bright. Likewise, painters can paint over an error or even scrape off certain kinds of paint. Though both types of artists aim for perfection, they might not reach it on the first try. Despite these similarities, photographs and paintings defer. For one thing, they require different equipment and materials. To create a painting, you need pai nt, brushes, and canvas or paper.Some artists also use a pencil to make a sketch before they apply paint. Photographers, on the other hand, need a camera and film. Professional photographers use different lenses and cameras for different kinds of photographs. They may also have Grade 8 Blacking Master (continued) darkroom equipment to develop their own photos. As you can see, the two types of strictures are made with very different tools. Last of all, photographers and painters make different use of time as they work.Photographers must capture an image in a split second. Even if they take several shots of one scene or object, each is made in a snap. Painters, however, have a choice. They can work very quickly or spend years perfecting Just one painting. As you can see, paintings and photographs are both similar and different. I have both in my home, and I appreciate the work done by the artists who Copyright Houghton Muffling Company. All rights reserved. Made them. These images hav e added a lot to my life.

Comparing Two Poems

Monday, 27 September 2010 Compare the similarities and differences between two Ballads, Charlotte Dymond and John Lomas. Charlotte Dymond and John Lomas, are two poems which share several techniques. They also, however are different in many ways. This essay will explore their similarities and their differences and explain reasons why the two ballads are different or similar. For example, both poems have a theme of murder. Ballads normally have a sad or shocking story, so this is very common. In both poems the murderer is always hanged after murdering another person. In Charlotte Dymond, the murderer is her lover.In John Lomas, the murderer is John Lomas. The murder controls the ballads and there is no point in the ballads which are happy, this means that the ballads can be quite depressing because they are so sad. John Lomas is quite sad because the murderer John Lomas is telling the story with a great amount of regret. In both poems a razor is used to kill the victim. Razors come ou t of a small wooden holder, so it would be easy to hide at your wrist, or like in Charlotte Dymond, Matthew had the razor ‘waiting at his wrist’. A difference between the two poems would be; in Charlotte Dymond the writer uses a range of different languages.For example, similes are used a lot, like in stanza fourteen there are two similes, they are; her skin was soft as sable, and her eyes were wide as day. Whereas in John Lomas, there is only one simile in the whole ballad, that simile is; my conscience did like fuel burn. That simile is in stanza nine. In comparison Charlotte Dymond has four similes and John Lomas has one. Similes are when you say something is like another thing or when someone says some as so for example the tree was like a wall, or the journey was as long as a mountain.The writer could of not wanted more similes in John Lomas because maybe he didn’t want things to be referred to as something else. Another difference is that in Charlotte Dymon d the writer uses lots of alliteration, they use alliteration twelve times in the whole poem an example would be; why do you sit so sadly, your face the colour of clay, and with a green gauze handkerchief, wipe the sour sweat away? That is actually the whole of stanza eleven. In contrast to in John Lomas, where there is only one line of alliteration. This line is in stanza nine and it is; my crime was of so deep a dye.This is quite a significant difference. Some people think that alliteration is when two or more words in a sentence, line have the same starting letters. But it’s not that simple, the words have to have the same sound to go with the same letters. The writer may not have wanted alliteration because he thought that it was hard to find two words with the same letter and sound. A similarity between Charlotte Dymond and John Lomas is both poems have four line stanzas. The number of stanzas is different John Lomas having fourteen stanzas and Charlotte Dymond having tw enty three stanzas.This is important to know, because generally four line stanzas is a usual number of lines, but you can get stanzas with more than four lines. Having more stanzas increases the space for a range of language, and it also increases the space to describe the story in more detail. Maybe the writes had a list of key points during writing the ballad which were the key points of the story and they decided that the list was finished after fourteen or twenty three stanzas, maybe the writer couldn’t add any more detail to the stanzas without making the rhyme scheme change or the amount of stanzas change.If these two things were to happen it would mean that the rhythm would ‘go out the window’ because it would no longer work as it did before. A difference between the two poems is that Charlotte Dymond uses metaphors for example; her cheeks were made of honey and; her throat was made of flame. Whereas in John Lomas there are no metaphors in the whole ballad . This may be because the ballad only has fourteen stanzas and the poet could not fit any metaphors in or it could be because, he chose not to put any metaphors in the poem.A metaphor is when you say something is something for example ‘my dog is a great big ball of fluff’ in this I am saying that my dog is actually a great ball of fluff not as or like when you use a simile but he is a ‘great big ball of fluff’ this is very direct and as though the writer is actually talking to you as a reader if the writer is talking in third person like in Charlotte Dymond so the writer may not want to write something so direct.Whereas in John Lomas the writer is talking about when he killed the victim and so he might want to be direct when he is talking to the reader. Another difference between the two poems is that in Charlotte Dymond the poet writes in third person as in talking about something happening in this case the murder of Charlotte Dymond. This means that the m urder could be changed to fit the criteria of what the murderers friend or the victims friend.This means that the poem could have been changed to fit what the writer wanted for example the writer might be the murderer’s friend, so he might want to make the murder not seem as bad as it actually was. Or the person might be the victim’s friend so they want to make the murderer look as bad as possible. Whereas in John Lomas the writer is actually the murderer. He is talking about the murder whilst he is in prison waiting to be hung. This means that his mind might be somewhere else which might be the reason that there is not a lot of detailed description.But that might not be the only reason that there isn’t a lot of description because the ballads were written in the eighteen hundreds, then it might have been more important to have a regular rhythm and rhyme scheme than to have extremely detailed stanzas. I think that I prefer Charlotte Dymond to John Lomas because I like the way it is more detailed, and I prefer the ballad being in third person, and the way the poem has a lot of similes and metaphors and alliteration.

The Nicaraguan and Cuban Revolution

Nicaragua, the state with the least â€Å"fertile dirt for the proliferation of Left groups† , was the lone state where a revolution prevailed following the Cuban Revolution ( 4 ) . Despite many similarities between Cuba and Nicaragua, they established rather distinguishable revolutions. InSandinista, Matilde Zimmermann, frequently compares and contrasts the FSLN motion with the Cuban Revolution. In add-on, she besides provides non merely a thorough survey of the military and ideological leader Carlos Fonseca, but offers insight into the development of the FSLN. Unlike the Cuban Revolution, the Nicaraguan revolution under the leading of the FSLN was chiefly a societal revolution. Harmonizing to Zimmermann, the FSLN of Carlos Fonseca was responsible for mobilising the Nicaraguans into a societal revolution. However, following Fonseca’s decease, Zimmermann attributes the death of the revolution to the fact that the Sandinistas failed to follow Fonseca’s vision. Although Cuba and Nicaragua both suffered from inhibitory and weak democratic establishments, their revolutions are distinguishable. On the one manus, Cuba experienced a political revolution. The societal ends of the revolutionists were 2nd to the political 1s and remained mistily defined even after 1959. The revolution in Nicaragua was a societal revolution. The bulk of the Nicaraguan population massively supported the actions of the FSLN. The same can non be said about Cuba, where the bulk of the Cuban population was non mobilized by the Rebels. The radical battle against Somoza was marked by category struggle and the resistance against Batista was non. Despite the differences, the Cuban revolution in peculiar the leading of Che Guevara and Fidel Castro had a important impact on the development of Carlos Fonseca’s political political orientation. Zimmermann argues that the Cuban revolution had a profound influence on Fonseca’s thought and the Sandinista motion ( 9 ) . The voluntarism of Che Guevara and the personal appeal of Fidel Castro captured the attending of Third World hereafter revolutionists. For Fonseca, the triumph of the Cuban Revolution convinced him that revolution was possible and that a new organisation was needed to take it ( 56 ) . Fonseca found a hero in Che Guevara and became influenced by Che’s Hagiographas. Fonseca set out to double the Cuban triumph in Nicaragua. Similar to Fidel Castro’s usage of Jose Marti in Cuba, Fonseca appealed to the nationalist image of Augusto Sandino. Sandino’s battle in the 1930s divine Fonseca and as a consequence Sandino became a Nicaraguan rallying symbol for the revolution ( 61 ) . Fonseca’s political authorship remained committed to both socialist revolution and national release from imperialism. Sandino and Che Guevara were the two most of import influences on Fonseca’s political idea. Guevara’s Marxism and Sandino’s patriotism became rooted in a motion capable of doing a successful revolution. Carlos Fonseca’s political political orientation became woven into early FSLN literature and philosophy. Carlos Fonseca was really much the motivation force behind the Sandinistas. In the Historic Program, Fonseca outlined his doctrine of encompassing the experiences of the Nicaraguan workers and provincials. This doctrine was cardinal to the FSLN initial platform ( 208 ) . Unlike the 26th of July Movement, whose forces merely represented a minority of the Cuban population, the Sandinista alliance was genuinely representative of the lower sector of Nicaraguan society. From the get downing the FSLN was organized chiefly to stand for workers, provincials, and the urban hapless. They believed in educating the lower category by transfusing in them an apprehension of Nicaraguan history, which taught them about the Nicaraguan battle against imperialism ( 191 ) . In add-on, this doctrine contributed to the entreaty of the FSLN and helped mobilise immature activists. Throughout the sixtiess, Fonseca and the little group of vernal revolutionists launched a guerrilla motion. Fonseca helped form g uerilla units, recruited clandestinely for future action, and endured prison. Despite the frequent lickings, Fonseca’s strength and dedication to the cause helped keep the integrity of the organisation during long periods of belowground being. In the late seventiess, the members of the FSLN became divided and frequently argued over scheme and tactics. Zimmerman demonstrates that Fonseca understood the grounds for the divisions and differ with the cabals ( 184 ) . In 1975, Fonseca returned to Nicaragua to repair the rifts in the FSLN and to re-validate his leading. However, Fonseca died on his manner to a jungle acme meeting he called with the purpose of mending the divisions. Following his decease, the factional struggle became significantly worse. The three different cabals in the FSLN: the Insurrectional Tendency, the Prolonged People’s War, and the Proletarian Tendency, strayed off from the Historic Program designed by Fonseca ( 208 ) . In add-on the FSLN became more moderate. Zimmerman argues that the 1978 revision of the 1969 Historic Program foreshadowed a continual series of via medias intended to lenify the national businessperson resistance ( 208 ) . The FSLN bit by bit abandoned their ain radical docket. In 1979, the Sandinistas succeeded in subverting the Somoza government. The FSLN without Fonseca lost Fonseca’s focal point on apprehension and reacting to hapless Nicaraguans and their diverse signifiers of development. Rather than prosecuting them as radical topics, they made the multitudes the object of radical policy, a displacement that produced opposition instead than dialogue. In add-on, the arguments that gave rise to the FSLN cabals remained integral within the nine leaders of the National Directorate ( 226 ) . The Directorate lost sight about what was best for Nicaraguan workers and provincials. Although the FSLN claimed to be regulating in the involvement of workers and provincials, their refusal to convey new leaders from oppressed societal categories to the Directorate did non back up their claim. In the 1990s, National Directorate led to another split. That, along with the civil war took a important political toll on the FSLN. In February 1990, after a disruptive decennary in power, the FSLN was voted out of office when Conservative leader Violeta Chamorro round Daniel Ortega in the presidential race ( 228 ) . By taking to concentrate on the political vision and political orientation of Carlos Fonseca, Zimmermann was able to explicate the flight of the Nicaraguan Revolution as a gradual procedure. Carlos Fonseca was influenced significantly from the successes of the Cuban Revolution. Although certain facets of the Cuban Revolution were different, it did supply Fonseca with a political design of how he planned on conveying about a revolution in Nicaragua. Fonseca’s thoughts were to a great extent influenced by the instructions of Che Guevara and Augusto Sandino. He chose to concentrate on the Nicaraguan workers and provincials. This doctrine became the FSLN initial political platform. The early FSLN under Fonseca used this platform to make out to the laden categories and mobilized them against the Somoza Regime. Following the decease of Fonseca, the FSLN in power became more moderate, to a great extent divided, and bit by bit strayed away from Fonseca’s vision. By 1990, the FS LN had wholly changed. They still honored Fonseca as a radical icon, but they no longer incorporated his doctrines into their policies. The FSLN in power shifted off from the involvements of the workers and provincials which created much opposition. Zimmermann finally argues that it was the Sandinistas’ treachery of the thoughts and illustrations of Carlos Fonseca that attributed to the death of the revolution.

Middle East - 2 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Middle East - 2 questions - Essay Example The discussion establishes that the Arab Spring has led to the formation of Islamic monarchs that instill democratic governance systems to ensure devolution of the region’s resources towards equated development. It is critical to acknowledge that the Palestinian and Israeli differences that in the present state revolve around the issues of terrorism and inhuman political practices. The Arab Spring has influenced the constituent countries’ political ideologies and administration practices to acknowledge the new changes in the contemporary society. Arguably, the presented research asserts that the organization has forced the countries to deviate from the full enforcement of the Sharia law. Further, the Middle East nations have been against the controversial relationships that have been stimulating warfare and terrorism activities between the Palestine and Israel nations, while blaming Israel for the atrocities. Therefore, it is evident that the Arab Spring has influenced the heated differences between the Middle East and Western economies. The Islam religion has been subject to criticism concerning its support for terrorism. Critically, the accusations are demeaning to ensure that the Muslim faith loses its significance over other religions; hence, reducing the chances by which others may adapt the faith2. The Arab Spring’s ideologies and support for the constituent nations’ political structures and practices have spurred the political unrest in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya. The contemporary society has united towards the active demonstration against the inhuman activities being conducted by the nations in the above named Muslim nations3. It is known that religion is a choice to every human being, and the Arab Spring nations should deviate from engaging their disguised political interests towards the fight against the different ideologies.

Analysis of the book Night by Elie Wiesel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of the book Night by Elie Wiesel - Essay Example Elie Wiesel is one such survivor, whose post-liberation life would be filled with mental anguish. In his seminal book Night, first published in Yiddish in 1955 and later appeared in English in 1960 we evidence how his faith in God as well as faith in humanity is challenged by the grave circumstances faced in German ethnic cleansing operations. The following passages will analyze how Wiesel’s faith in God and humanity is shaken to the core in the face of compelling circumstances and consequences. In a poignant passage in the poetically assembled book, Wiesel notes how, at one point during the life in the ghetto, taking care of his ailing father becomes burdensome. Already weakened by severe malnutrition and mental disorientation, his mind loses perspective and emotional connection with his father. He simply does not have the resources of empathy and solidarity to be able to care for another human. It makes him lament the forceful encampment that was the beginning of the great long ordeal: â€Å"Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.† In a tragic turn of events, his father would be beaten to death by German guards, just two weeks before American army liberated his camp. Wiesel could hear the final shrieks of pain from his father from his slot in the upper deck. But he could not venture a thought or an action to mitigate his suffering. Even sacrificing his own life for his once beloved father was beyond him. This is a key passage in Night, for it reveals how the Holocaust had stripped the humanity of the victims as well. The â€Å"loss of humanity† with respect to the Holocaust, is thus, equally witnessed in the perpetrators and the victims of the great crime. Hence, much in contradiction to preaching in the covenant, Wiesel fails to take care of fellows of his community, most notably his father. But Wiesel’s is not the universal case, for there are those exceptional individuals who could must spiritual and physical resources to offer themselves in service to other weaker members of the ghetto. This d ifference in behavior is not a consequence of moral convictions or volitional choices of the ghetto inmates. Rather, they just showcase the manifest act of God through the lives of the faithful. The following passage highlights how the inmates of the ghetto encouraged each other during grave times: â€Å"There's a long road of suffering ahead of you. But don't lose courage. You've already escaped the gravest danger: selection. So now, muster your strength, and don't lose heart. We shall all see the day of liberation. Have faith in life. Above all else, have faith. Drive out despair, and you will keep death away from yourselves. Hell is not for eternity. And now, a prayer - or rather, a piece of advice: let there be comradeship among you. We are all brothers, and we are all suffering the same fate. The same smoke floats over all our heads. Help one another. It is the only way to survive.†Ã‚  (Wiesel, 1960) Elie Wiesel’s was brought up in an orthodox Jewish community tha t gave emphasis to religious observance and faithful understanding of the scriptures. This pre-eminence to God and belief in His benign will would be challenged to the core as Wiesel and other Jews are pushed ever further into the systematized abyss. But, instead of abandoning his faith completely, Wiesel gets new illuminations into his faith. In many ways, the experiences in the ghetto

Self Analysis Leadership Profile Project Assignment

Self Analysis Leadership Profile Project - Assignment Example In the â€Å"EQ at a Glace† assessment, my total EQ (Emotional Quotient) score is 54 that belongs to the above average level that is 51-60. The five types of scores in this category were; Intrapersonal Components, Interpersonal Components, Adaptability Components, Stress Tolerance Components, and General Mood Components. The average of my Interpersonal Score is 3.6. The average of Interpersonal Score 3.3. The average score for the Adaptability was 3.3. My average General Mood, and Stress Tolerance Components were all 4. Both General Mood and Stress Tolerance Components scores were in the high range level. My dominant score for this assessment was Stress Tolerance Components. This indicates that I’m a self-driven person capable of tasks completion even under stressful conditions. I can work persistently even when there is dim optimism, I never give up. At the beginning of last semester, I had a lot of work juggling between family, work and study. I had signed up for a new course when I got a job promotion that required me to take up a lot of my time. This left me with no time for me or my family. However, I struggled persistently until I was able to balance my work, give my family quality time and still manage to get A’s for my course. The least dominant score for this assessment is Adaptability Components. I got a 3.3 for this assessment. I have difficulties adapting to different situations in the short run and this ends up wasting a lot of my time and resources. At the beginning of this course, my friends felt that I was much suited for it and will get great scores, but I was very pessimistic until I proved myself wrong by performing excellently. My action plan for this assessment will involve activities and a plan that will help me in better decision making that will enhance my self-motivation and increase my optimism. I will record all my tasks and activities I have

Talent Management In Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Essay

Talent Management In Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies - Essay Example Clearly defining the extent of each employee’s role in various company activities is just one of the ways Talent Management helps to accomplish that objective. Surprisingly, organisations have only just begun to embrace models of Talent Management as a means to reaching goals and objectives. This proposal will explore the current model of Talent Management, exploring its advantages, processes, and objective. Since 1987, Gulf Aircraft Maintenance Company (GAMCO), renamed Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT) in 2007, has through the investment of the Abu Dhabi government, become the largest provider of aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) in the Middle East. It serves not only the Gulf Region and other parts of Middle East but also attracts customers for Africa, North America and Asia. ADAT’s operation has garnered approval from many certificates on Authorities including local, European and American ones, provides the following services in-house and remotely on site: 1) Airframe Services; 2) Component Services; 3) Engine Services; 4) Technical Services; 5) Technical Training & 6) Material & Management Supply. In combination with major United Arab Emirates government defence contracts, its principle activities include the sale and support for missile defence, commercial jetliners, satellites, military aircraft, and human space flight to Etihad Airlines and various international carriers operating to and from more than 50 international airports worldwide. In this case study will analyse Talent Management in Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT). 1.2 Problem Statement Due to the highly competitive nature of the aviation industry the need for Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT) to employ a team that can expand its technical and management team is immense. The challenge; therefore, becomes can ADAT adopt effective strategies that will not only enable them to attract, but also maintain the right talent. As likely surmised, the right talen t is paramount to maintaining a competitive advantage in both new and existing markets. 1.3 Research Aim This study aims to  analyze the Talent Management process in Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies and to make recommendations for improvement. One of the largest--if not the largest--cost to a company generally involves compensation for its workforce. Proportionately, effective analysis of the process of recruiting and hiring employees will pay dividends in providing insight to areas of improvement. Studies have shown that a high standard of performance from employees positively correlates with a high performance from the company (Peter 2008). Unfortunately, only a handful of companies are able to achieve that goal (Peter 2008). Leading to the questions of how to handle that limited supply of talent, how to procure it, and how to maintain it. The company that figures this out first will ultimately become the leader in their respective field. Bent (2011) argues that available profess ionals within the aviation industry are declining substantially. This is due to procurement by other companies. From previous studies, a multitude of factors affect employee recruitment aside from financial compensation such as development and training, potential for advancement, work environment, relationship with co-workers and boss, recognition, and

E-Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

E-Portfolio - Assignment Example di Arabia, in 1990 to a medium-sized family made up of my parents, me, three brothers, and one sister.   Throughout my childhood, I was taught the importance of hard work, honesty, and doing a good job.   My siblings all work good jobs, with two working as engineers and two working as professors of Chemistry. However I am the first in my family to leave the country in order to pursue higher education.   I believe this experience of leaving my country has made me a stronger person with a better understanding of the world and my chosen profession.   I had to struggle to learn English at first, although now I do well in it, and assimilating into the culture of another country was also a challenge which taught me a lot about myself and my own culture as well.   As an international student at Pennsylvania State University, I have been exposed to all sorts of courses and have gained a hands-on understanding with a number of topics related to petroleum and natural gas engineering.  Ã‚   If you visit my work samples page, you can see just a few of the best assignments that I have completed during my time here.   As well as courses I have taken, I have done an internship with oil combines in Saudi Arabia.   This experience gave me a good understanding of important industry practice, and has helped me to get skills that will let me be a better engineer.   After I graduate from university, I hope to work in the petroleum and natural gas industry in some way or another.   While I would like to be able to return to my native country and be near my family, I am also excited to explore the world around me.   My ideal job would let me use my knowledge of English and Arabic to share what I have learned at Pennsylvania State University about petroleum and natural gas engineering.   I would be especially interested in working in the oil industry as either a drilling engineer or production engineer.   For the moment, I am keeping my options open and look forward to seeing what

Health and Health Care in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health and Health Care in London - Essay Example The most horrifying feature of the United Kingdom's demographic feature can be revealed from its burgeoning public health issues over years. The ever rising population, uncontrolled pollution and the bestiality of human desire has dragged out the so called most civilized master of the medieval world to such a point where the future of the country is a big question for the thinkers and planners. A sizeable portion of the country's resources are being diverted towards combating diseases of modern era. In 2007, over 33.2 million people on this earth were reported to have been infected by the HIV out of which 2.5 million were newly infected and 2.1 million people died of AIDS related illness in that year. Globally the Sub Saharan Africa reported 22.5million people living with this deadly disease. It was also reported highest deaths of 1.6 million and new infections of 1.7million followed by the South and South East Asia with 4 million infected people. However the Caribbean region is having second highest adult HIV with 1 percent of adult population infected. (THT Direct 2007) The statistics of the country revealed that HIV has been the fastest growing serious health concern in the UK. Around 89,0000cases of HIV have been reported since 1980s and out of which 17,597 people have already died. There were 7,450 new diagnoses in 2005. The most dangerous information about this disease is that more than 30 percent of the people living with HIV are not aware of their infection. So far as the sexuality of infection are concerned men out numbered women with 2:1 ratio. Anther interesting thing is that 43 percent of all new diagnoses of HIV in 2005 were in London. Near about 30 percent of the HIV diagnoses in 2005 were among homosexual men. HIV has drastically hit the gay community in this country. (UK HIV statistics 2007). The statistical observation of last 17 years data showed that highest numbers of new diagnoses of HIV were among gay men and men who ere having sex with the men except in 1999 when the heterosexuality acquired diagnoses out numbered within UK. Ho wever, the diagnoses among gay men have been in steady rise. In other words the number of cases of HIV diagnosed gay men has been increasing alarmingly since 1999. Among all infectious diseases in the country, HIV is the fourth most commonly diagnosed major sexually transmitted infection among gay men. Near about 31, 100 men who have sex with men are HIV positive. When we observe the condition of UK in the Global frame, it is having 45 percent of all HIV cases and 57 percent of all AIDs cases reported. In 2006, nearly 32 percent of new diagnoses for HIV were among gay men. 43 percent of are living with HIV infection. 63 percent of newly acquired infections are in UK. At the end of 2002, approximately 15,400 African men and women were living with HIV in the UK, out of which 31 percent were undiagnosed. (THT Direct 2007) Demographic and Ethnic Overview of London: The number of people needing HIV care in London during 2005 was 22,473 and during 2006 it increased to 23,986. Between 2005 and 2006, 30 percent of people in the region living with HIV remain undiagnosed and the number of people accessing National Health Service for HIV in London has been reported to have increased by 7 percent. Nearly half of all gay men in London